Power generation of Wind Turbines since 20032003年后风电状况
TheEuropean UCTE interconnected 400 kV system欧洲电力传输协调联盟UCTE互联的400kV 系统
Red红色: 500 kV Transmission输电网Brown棕色: 330 kVübertragung
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LVRT Workshop Beijing 06./07. January 2009Weck: LVRT requirements and testing
Power generation of Wind Turbines since 20032003年后风电状况
TheEuropean UCTE interconnected 400 kV system欧洲电力传输协调联盟UCTE互联的400kV 系统
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UCTE:
Co-operation of European transmission system operatorsUCTE:
欧洲电力传输协调联盟Transmission systems (400 kV) directly connected
输电系统(400 kV) 直接相连Permissible simultaneous disconnection of generation 3.000 MWto avoid Power flow oscilations
为避免潮流振荡，允许同时切除3000 MW的发电容量
Connection to the remote ends of the UCTE system接入UCTE 系统远端
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Installed power in GW 20042004年装机容量GW
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LVRT Workshop Beijing 06./07. January 2009Weck: LVRT requirements and testing
Power generation of Wind Turbines since 20032003年后风电状况
Scenario during faults in system of E.ON NetzE.ON Netz系统内故障情行Scenario情行: 2001Short-circuit at Dollern, E.ONE.ON电网内Dollern处短路100kmVoltage reduction protection at 80% of system voltage:Disconnection of all WT at E.ON电压保护在电压降至额定电压的80%时动作，将E.ON所有的风电机组切除UCTE limit exceeded already in 2001超过了2001年UCTE允许的极限值Quelle: U. Radtke, FGH-Seminar ?Power Quality“12LVRT Workshop Beijing 06./07. January 2009Weck: LVRT requirements and testingGrid Codes since 20012001年后的并网导则
Windturbines connection to the High-Voltage system接入高压电网的风电机组
??Specification of requirements 规范
??2003: First specification by system operator E.ON
系统运营商E.ON提出第一个规范àFirst Grid Code for wind farms worldwideà全世界第一个关于风电场的并网导则
??2004: Second specification by system operator Vattenfall Europe
第二个规范由系统运营商欧洲Vattenfall公司提出Specifications of the system operator organisation VDN系统运营商组织VDN的规范??Reactive power in normal system operation系统正常运行时无功功率
??Performance during system faults 系统故障期间特性
àContinuous power generation during faults in the high-voltage systemà高压系统故障期间仍持续发电
àIncreased reactive power generation during system faults depending on the degree of voltage reduction
à故障期间根据电压降低程度增加无功功率出力
àReduction of active power generation at system over-frequencyà当系统高频时降低有功功率出力13
LVRT Workshop Beijing 06./07. January 2009Weck: LVRT requirements and testing
??Main requirements主要要求
German Grid Codes today现今德国并网导则
??2007: Transmission Code 输电导则2007
??Specifications of the German Transmission System Operators (TSO)for the connection of power generation plants to the transmission system
??德国输电系统运营商(TSO) 对接入输电系统的发电厂的技术规范要求
??2007: Distribution Code 配电导则2007
??Specifications of the German Distribution System Operators (DSO)for the connection of power generation plants to the distribution system
??德国配电系统运行商(DSO) 对接入输电系统的发电厂的技术规范要求
??2008: BDEW specifications for generating plants at the
distribution system
??2008: BDEW 对配电网内发电厂的技术规范要求??Newly developed principles新制定的规则
??All types of generating plants are treated equally所有类型的发电厂同等对待
àDistinguished only by type仅根据发电机类型加以区分
-Type 1: Generation plants with synchronous generators-类型1：使用同步发电机的发电厂
-Type 2: Generation plants with other generator types-类型2：使用其他类型发电机的发电厂
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LVRT Workshop Beijing 06./07. January 2009Weck: LVRT requirements and testing
低电压穿越(LVRT)要求及测试
