高二英语同步课程
冠词
知识梳理
一．定义：
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词前面，帮助说明名词的含义．它可以说是名词的一种标志，无词义。
思考：名词与冠词“马是一种有用的动物
”，表示“一类”，可以有三种说法：
不能单独使用，
A. A horse is a useful animal. B. The horse is a useful animal. C. Horses are useful animals.
二.分类：不定冠词(a/an)
定冠词(the)；零冠词(即不用冠词)
重点理解：
1. 泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。2. 特指是指上文已经提到的人或事物，
或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物，也可以指说话双方所默认的特定的人或事物。
3. 类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。
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高二英语同步课程
三．具体用法：（一）．不定冠词
a / an
1.表示数量上的“一”
There is a nice dog.
I have two brothers and a sister.
2. 用在表示时间、速度、价格等计量单位的名词前表示
Take the medicine three times a day.The plane can get 300 kilometers an hour.2.第一次提到某个人或事物时
,通常使用不定冠词
,此为“泛指”。
“每一”，相当于per 或every。
Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 3.用在单数可数名词前
,表示一类人或事物
,即以一个个体代表整类人或事物
,此为“类指”。
A horse is a useful animal. I want to be a singer.特殊：
4.用于某一个人名、地名前例如:
A Mr. Wang called you ten minutes ago.
一位王先生10分钟前打过你电话
,使专有名词普通化。
A Mr. Li has been waiting for you.一位姓李的先生一直在等你。Chongqing is known as a Shanghai of the west.重庆被称作西部的上海。
(Shanghai 是专有名词,本句中a Shanghai 指和上海一样繁华的城市
5.用于序数词(后加名词)前,表示“又一个,又一次”。例如:
Although he has failed twice，he would like to try a third time. He tried a sixth time and succeeded.他又试第六次,结果成功了。6.用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词前便具体化了
a pleasure / a success/ a failure
He went to the USA in search of a better life.
It is an honor for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。has a knowledge of have a preference for… a heavy rain
2
)
(固定搭配) ，表示“一种”、“一件”、“一份”等
高二英语同步课程
7.固定搭配
have a cold、fever; at a loss; at an early age once upon a time as a result (of) in a hurry in a word
once in a while have a good time
have a word with 与……说句话have/take a look (at) have/take a rest take an active part in all of a sudden
（二）．定冠词the
指出下列句子中定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物. The man in blue is my brother. 2.上文提到过的人或物
.
I'd like to buy a car. The car should be powered by new energy. 我想买辆车。这辆车应该用新能源做动力。3.指世界上独一无二的事物
.
众所周知，地球是圆的。
As is known to all, the earth is round. 4.用在序数词和形容词最高级前面
(1) winter is the coldest season .
.
(2) He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 5.用在表示方向、方位的名词前the right(右边)
Zhe jiang lies in the southeast of China. 6.用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
in the Tang Dynasty; 7.用在表示乐器的名词前
.
in the 1990
在’20 s(世纪90 年代)
.
He likes play the piano. 他喜欢弹钢琴
8. 用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛前或由普通名词构成的专有名词前The Great Wall
The Yellow River
3
.
The WHO
高二英语同步课程
The Pacific Ocean 9. 固定搭配
in the distance; 特殊：
10.用在某些形容词前表示一类人
The West Lake The People's Republic of China
in the end; at the same time; on the other hand; on the whole
.
The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。11.用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示某家人例如：the Blacks(布莱克一家)
The Smiths have a wonderful sense of humor.史密斯一家人很幽默
12.用在身体的部位前。
.
.
“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用the，而不用人称代词，
He hit me on the head. 他打了我的头。catch sb. by the arm(抓住胳膊) take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂；pat sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀13.用在单位名词前.
例如：measure by the metre (用米来衡量)
The workers are paid by the day.工人是按天结工资的。
I have hired a car by the hour. 我租了一个车，是按小时收费的。
（二）．零冠词the
1.不可数名词，复数名词前表泛指
Horses are useful animals.
Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold.水加热变成蒸汽,遇冷则变成冰。2. 表示节日、月份、星期、学科、运动项目以及三餐饭的名称的名词前通常不用冠词。例如: Christmas (Day)is coming.
We will hold a meeting on Friday. Maths is as interesting as physics. Let's go and play football, shall we? Let's go and watch them play chess. We went out for a walk after supper.
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高二英语同步课程
3. 球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词。
play football;
play chess
4. 称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词。
Doctor, I am not feeling well.
Bush Jr. was elected president of the United States.
5. 中国乐器前不加冠词。
play erhu;
play piba
6. 在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。
by car;
by train
a,an 区别基本区别
1. a用在辅音音素开头的单词前
,an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前．
2. 判断一个词是元音还是辅音开头是根据其读音的而不是字母．如一般情况：a boy a desk
an apple, an excellent student
an interesting book
an office
an umbrella,
特殊：
1) ____ European village _____university,
_____useful book, _____ uniform
2) ____ hour
____ honest boy,
____one-year dog
the+序数词，表示“第几……，a+序数词表示
“又一……，再一……”
eg:The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one. 蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一块。a number of , the number of 的区别
A number of 意思是“许多”，相当于many；
The number of 意思是“……．的数量，……．的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式。eg: A number of students_____ (like) playing computer games. The number of students_____ (be )about 1,500 in our school.
5
____usual thing
四．易错点梳理（一）（二）序数词前加定冠词与不定冠词的区别
（三）、
最新高考冠词复习(教师版)加习题(有答案解析)
