★ to do sth. to sb. 对某人做某事
How could you do this to me? 你怎么能这样对我？
without telling his wife不曾/没有跟妻子商量 ★ too + adj. + to do sth. 太……而无法做某事 too old at 71 to start work again不能以71岁的高龄再重新开始工作
★ expand (在尺码、数量、体积、程度上的)扩大
2.1 描述现在的习惯，常会用到这些表示频度的副词：always, now and again, once a month，every day。to expand the company 扩大公司的规模 ★ improved profits by 200% 利润增长了200% 2.描述现在的习惯
表示频度的副词常常放在实意动词前，to be 或其他助动词之后。 (1) Jack often calls in. (2) It’s usually about 6:30 a.m.
(3) He has usually finished before 6 o’clock. 2.2 较长的表示频度的副词短语常常放在句首或句尾。
(1) She goes to the hairdresser’s once a month. (2) Once a year he collects mum and takes her to stay with him.
2.3 表示频度的短语有一种构成是：“次数”＋“时间单位”，即“多长时间，几次”。 如：
once (twice, three times etc.) a day / a week / a month / a year
every Sunday / Monday
every morning / day / weekend / week / six months
英语II（1） Unit4-1
1. 课文讲解
★ a good businessman生意做得好的人 a fast speaker讲话快的人
★ used to do sth 过去做某事情
He used to own three petrol stations. 他过去有过属于自己的三个加油站。
★ to carry on (doing) sth 继续做某事情 ★ to enjoy old age 安享晚年 ★ to hand over 交出去
(1) to hand over the business to his son 把业务转交给儿子
(2) to hand over the thief to the police 把窃贼送交警方
(3) to hand over the responsibility 移交责任 ★ what to do with sb./sth. 怎么对待，怎么处理 ★ without doing sth. 没有做某事
(1) Production rose by 30%. 产量增长了30%。 (2) Production fell by 15%. 产量减少了15%。 ★ open 开设，开办
(1) to open an office 开办一家办事处 (2) to open a school 开办一所学校 (3) to open a new shop 开办一家新商店
★ Most importantly = It’s most important that… (1) Luckily, she was in when I called. 幸运的是，当我打电话时她恰好在家。
(2) Frankly, she is not the right person to do the job. 坦率地讲，她不适合做这个工作。 2. 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
2.1 一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
一般过去时通常要与表示过去的时间状语连用，比如
像:yesterday（昨天），last week（上星期），3 hours ago （3小时前），in 1997（在1997年）这样的时间短语。
He hasn’t been bored since he bought the factory. 自从买下工厂以来，他就不感到生活枯燥了。 2.2 现在完成时用来谈论发生在过去但对现在有影响的动作或事件。 试比较：
(1)One day, he saw an advertisement in the newspaper. 有一天，他在报纸上看见了一则广告。（一般过去时，表明事实）
(2)He has seen an advertisement in the newspaper. 他已经看到了报纸上的广告。（现在完成时，言外之意是―他知道了广告上的内容‖。）
★ 只要句子中有了具体的表示过去的时间，要用过去时态，常用一般过去时，而不用现在完成时这样的现在时态。
英语II（1） Unit4-2
1. 课文讲解
★ hate 憎恨
(1)I hate cabbages. 其实就是表示我特别不喜欢吃圆白菜。
(2)He hated being retired. 不喜欢过退休的日子。 ★ to cancel the contract 中止合同 ★ cover story 封面专题报道 ★ by chance 碰巧
★ to see sth./sb. doing 看见某人做某事 (1)I saw the train coming into the station. 我看到火车正在进站。
(2)I saw the boys running out of the classroom. 我看到那些男孩从教室里跑出来。
★ to be excited about sth. 因某事而感到兴奋 ★ to give up 放弃 to give up a job 辞去一份工作 to give up smoking 戒烟 ★ to go out with sb. 和异性交往 ★ child-minding 照顾孩子 ★ to amuse each other 玩得开心 ★ It doesn’t matter 不重要，不要紧
★ to watch sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事 to watch my children grow up 看着我的孩子成长
2. 定语从句
2.1 学习定语从句，要了解定语从句放在哪儿，还要了解用哪个关系代词。
英语的定语从句要放在被修饰词的后面。 I started looking after other children whose parents went out to work. 我开始照看那些父母外出工作的孩子。
从句中最常用的关系代词是 whose, who, that 和which。这些词起的是关联作用。whose，―……的‖，who指的是被修饰的这个人，that可以表示被修饰的人或物，which指被修饰的物。who和which在从句中做主语时关系代词不能省略。
(1)I listened to journalists who were excited about the changes in Russia. 我听到别的记者兴奋地谈论俄国发生的变化。
(2)It hit the police car which was stopping the traffic. 它撞在了正在拦截车流的警车。
2.2 起关联作用的关系代词在从句中做宾语，这个关系代词就可以省略。
Do you know the girl__________ I am meeting
tonight?
Do you know the girl who I am meeting tonight? = Do you know the girl that I am meeting tonight? = Do you know the girl I am meeting tonight?
3. 现在进行时
3.1 现在进行时可以表示说话的此时此刻发生的事情，也可以表示最近的将来，说明最近的打算，意图和安排等。在这样的句子中常可以有表达将来时间的短语。
比如next week, next month, a week tomorrow, in three days’time等。
(1)I’m flying to New York today. 我今天将要飞往纽约。
(2)Tomorrow I’m meeting Mr Jones. 明天我要与Jones先生会面。
(3)A week tomorrow I’m returning to London. 从明天算起一周后我将回到伦敦。
3.2 谈论将来，还可以用be going to do sth这个句式。be going to do sth 主要用于表达意图，主观的打算，但用现在进行时则强调客观上已经安排好的事情。
(1)We’re flying to New York tomorrow. 我们定于在明天飞往纽约。
(2)We are going to do some shopping there. 我们打算在那儿买点东西。
英语II（1） Unit5-1
1. 课文讲解
★ raise 提高，增长，筹集 raise money 筹款 raise money for 为……而筹款 ★ retire 退休
★ to bring up 养育 to grow up成长，长大 ★ round-the-world 环球的
(1)a round-the-world race环球航行大赛 (2)a ten-month journey 为期10个月的旅程 (3)a five-year plan一个五年计划
★ to be bored 感到厌烦的-ed分词可以当形容词来用
to bore使/让人厌倦 to be bored 感到厌倦 to worry 使/让人焦虑 to be worried 感到焦虑 to please 讨好人，使/让人高兴 to be pleased 感到高兴，感到满意 ★ to take part in 参加
★ say 用于引出举例
(1)Can you come to dinner, say, 7:30? 你能来吃晚饭吗？7点半怎么样？
(2)We could stay there for, say, three days. 我们可以哪儿待上一段时间，比如三天吧。
★ to prepare sb for sth 使（某人）为某事做准备 ★ One of the men couldn’t move because he had broken his leg. 其中一人动也不能动，因为他的腿摔断了。（his不译）
I lost my way. 我迷路了。（my不译）
I have had my lunch. 我吃过午饭了。（my不译） ★ to take to hospital 看病 go to university上大学 ★ go to bed去睡觉 He's at table now. 他在吃饭。 ★ more than超过 more than 10 new words 十几个生词 more than a hundred people 一百多人 ★ the same as… 跟……一样
(1)Your jacket is the same colour as mine. 你的上衣的颜色跟我的一样。
(2)You gave me the same answer as before. 你的回答和以前相同。
★ to keep fit 保持健康 to feel fit 感觉健康 to look fit 看上去健康 to get fit 变得健康
2. 过去完成时
2.1 过去完成时常用来描述在过去某一时间以前完成的动作和事件，用于谈论在过去的过去发生的事情。
过去完成式的肯定句：had ＋ 过去分词。 (1)By the end of October last year, she had raised more than ￡50,000 for charity. 在去年年底之前她已经为慈善事业筹集到了５万英镑。（时间短语） (2)She had done a lot of training before she sailed. 航海前她经过了大量训练。（时间从句）
2.2 过去完成时否定式的构成：had not ＋ 过去分词 Before Molly left she did a lot of training, but it hadn't prepared her for the worst weather. 她去航行之前，她已经经过了大量的训练，但是训练并没有为她后来遇到最糟糕的天气做好准备。
2.3 过去完成时的疑问式直接将助动词had提到句子的开头，特殊疑问句把疑问词放在开头。 A: What had Molly done before she joined a pop dance team? 在去流行舞舞蹈队之前，Molly做过什么？
B: She had trained a ballet dancer. 她在进行芭蕾舞舞蹈训练。
A: Had the children left home before Molly sailed?
在去航海之前Molly的孩子已经离开家了吗？
B: Yes, they had. 离开了。
英语II（1） Unit5-2
1. 课文讲解
★ to leave school 毕业
★ to be going to do sth. 打算做某事 ★ artificial intelligence 人工智能 ★ would like to do sth. 想要做什么事 (1)I would like to study in North America. (2)I would like to be in a rock band. (3)I would like to go to the North Pole.
★ to hope to do sth. 希望做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事
(1)I hope to get good grades in all my exams. 我希望在考试中取得好成绩。
(2)I want to go to university next year to study earth sciences. 我想在明年去上大学，学习地球学专业。 ★ to spend (time) doing sth. 花时间做什么事情 例如：
I'd like to spend a year studying in North America. spend （time）doing sth.
★ 表达花时间做什么事情，注意这里花时间做某事情后面这个做什么，动词得用-ing形式。 例如：
(1)He spent half his life writing this book. 他花了半辈子的功夫写这本书。
(2)We spent the whole afternoon talking with the tourist guide. 我们跟导游交谈了整个一下午。
★ to look forward to (doing) sth.
(1)I'm looking forward to your party. 我期待着参加你将要举办的聚会。
(2)I'm looking forward to your answer. 我期待着您的答复。
这句话还可以改写成:
(3)I'm looking forward to receiving your answer. 这是在信件的结尾常用的一句话。
★ a well-paid job 高薪工作 a well-dressed man 打扮得/穿得讲究的人 a well-informed man 消息灵通的人士
a well-read student 一个博览群书的学生 ★ 情态动词can比could可能性大。
2. 谈论将来
2.1 谈论意图: to be going to do sth.，谈论计划: to plan to do sth.
(1)I'm going to get married next year. 我打算明年结婚。
(2)I left school last year and I plan to go to university later this year.我去年毕业，今年过些时候计划上大学。
2.2谈希望: I’d like to do sth.，I hope to do sth.，I want ★ detached house独立式的房子 Letting agent房东代理 at the moment此刻 ★ on the other hand另一方面
We could buy a new carpet, but on the other hand a new shower might be more useful.
我们可以买新地毯，但是，另一方面，新的淋浴器1. 课文讲解
to do sth.。
(1)I'd like to go to the North Pole. 我很想去北极。 (2)I hope to get good grades in all my exams. 我希望所有科目都取得好成绩。 这也是在表达良好的愿望。
3. 不同职业对所需素质和能力的描述
3.1 描述一个人的性格，可以用be + 形容词这个结构。
(1)What's Karen like? Karen 这个人怎么样？ She's hard-working, but she's moody. 他工作很勤奋，但情绪不稳定。
(2)What's Jack like? Jack 这个人怎么样？ He's bright, but he isn't calm. 他很聪明，但不够沉稳。
3.2 描述一个人的性格，还可以用 be +名词这种结构 (1)a team leader 团队的领导 a motivator激励者（能激励别人的人） a good organizer 组织能力强的人 a good team worker能与人团结合作的人
(2)I was simply a good team member. 我和团队里的其他成员合作的好。
3.3 描述一个人的性格，还可以用to have ＋表示特点的短语。
(1) to have a sharp mind思想敏锐 (2）to have a good eye for detail 细致缜密 (3) to have an excellent memory记忆力强
3.4 来看几个多个句式混合一起，更接近日常生活的例子：
(1) What's John like? John 这个人怎么样？ He has a sharp mind, but he isn't good team worker.他思维敏捷，但不善于与人协作。
(2) What's Milly like? Milly 这个人怎么样？ She’s easy-going, but she doesn't have a good eye for detail. 她很随和，但不够细致。 英语II（1） Unit7-1
也许会更有用。
★ to have more space 有更多的空间 ★ drawback 不便之处，缺点 ★ commute 上下班的路上奔波
2. need的用法
2.1 to need + v-ing 意思是―某物（事）需要……‖，
表示被动意义。
(1)The door needs repairing. 门需要修理了。 (2)My hair needs cutting. 我该理发了。
2.2 to need + to do 意思是―某人（主语）需要做某事‖。
(1)They need to repair the roof. 他们需要修补屋顶。 (2)We need to study English. 我们需要学习英语。 举几个例子说明：
The window frames need painting. A lot of things need repairing.
We need to fix the gate and repair the path. 2.3 To need有两种否定和疑问形式
(1)He doesn’t need to study English. 这句中need用作实意动词
(2)He needn’t study English. (用作情态动词) (3)Does he need to study English? 这句中need用作实意动词
(4)Need he study English? (用作情态动词)
3. to have something done的用法
3.1“to have + 宾语 + 过去分词” 这个结构表示动作并非主语所为，而是使人或安排人做某事，尤其可指安排专门的人来做。
(1)We haven't had the broken windowpanes replaced yet. 我们还没换那些破了的窗户玻璃。
(2)The agent had the windows painted two years ago. 房东代理两年前油漆过窗户。
3.2 疑问句的构成形式 没有什么特别的，只要把have当作实意动词来看待就行了
(1)Have they had the broken windowpanes replaced
yet? 他们把那些破了的窗户玻璃换了吗？ (2)When did the agent have the windows painted? 房东代理什么时候油漆的窗户？
3.3 在口语中，也常用 “to get + 宾语 + 过去分词”表达同样的意思。 (1)He got the gutter replaced. (2)Have you got the gate mended yet? 看几个例句。
(1)We replaced the gate ourselves, but we had the chimney replaced.
(2)They cleaned the windowpanes themselves, but they had the floors cleaned.
英语II（1） Unit7-2
1. 课文讲解
★ to be dissatisfied with sth. 对什么不满意 to be dissatisfied with sth. 居民对公寓的状况不满意: The residents were dissatisfied with the condition of the property.
★ private property 私有财产，私家房地产private property, intellectual property 知识产权intellectual property
★ a residents’ committee居民委员会 ★ to suggest doing sth.
(1)He suggested our returning home as soon as possible. (2)I suggest leaving for the honeymoon directly following our wedding. (3)She suggested going out once a week. ★ activity 活动 inactivity 静止，不作为 ★ so + adj. + that 太…以至于… (1)I'm so happy that I can't stop crying. (2)It was so cold that the air froze in my nose as I breathed.
(3)The exercise was so difficult that most of the soldiers gave up.
★ to be tired of 厌倦了，厌烦了 to be responsible for 为…负责
(1)They were tired of telephoning the agent and tired of complaining about the flats.
(2)The agent was responsible for the flats.
★ to write to sb. 给某人写信 ★ not … until … 直到……才……
You cannot leave until your work is finished. 你不能
走，直到你把工作做完。意思是把工作做完你才能走。
2. 写信的方法
2.1 书信正文开始前要先将写信人的地址写在信的右上角。日期写在地址的下面。书信开头的称呼语的格式是Dear+ Mr / Mrs /Ms + 姓 (如：Dear Mr Hall) 或Dear + 名 (如：Dear Mary)。如果不知对方姓名，只知道对方是男性，称呼语可以是Dear Sir,；只知道对方是女性，可称呼为Dear Madam。若不知对方性别，可写 Dear Sir / Madam。 2.2 书信的正文开头通常要说明写信意图。例如： I am writing to you to complain about… 或表明这是回复来信。例如：
(1)Thank you for your letter of 5 January about the flats. (2)I am writing in response to / in reply to your letter of 5 January…
2.3 正文结束后，通常用 I look forward to hearing from you. 表示希望收到对方的回信。 2.4 在署名前，一般会附上 Yours sincerely, 或Yours faithfully,等类似于中文书信里“此致，敬礼”的客套语。
3. 形容词和介词的搭配
3.1 英语中有些形容词或作为形容词使用的过去分词常与某些介词搭配使用，构成固定结构。 形成了固定结构，也就是说介词是不能随便换的。 (1)He was very worried about his two teenage children.
(2)He was very angry about it.
(3)When he went to complain about the noise, he was very surprised at their attitude. They said they weren’t responsible for the noise. (4)Bill was appalled by this.
(5)The children said they were very sorry for the party, and they were upset by their friends’ behavior. (6)They agreed to go and see Jim and to take him a bottle of wine and apologize about the noise. Bill was pleased with them for this.
4. therefore, although 和 however
4.1 therefore和so一样，也表示“所以，因此”，但比so更正式一些。
2018年成人高考英语3复习资料知识点复习考点归纳总结
