PART II FOCUS
The teacher is expected to help stude nts appreciate the effects of using participles and absolutes in their writ ings
Participles
Getti ng to know participles Refere nee for the excises
Verb Form cryi ng broke n singing and dancing Words Modified girl piggy bank the boy and the girl Fun cti on descripti on descripti on descripti on
Refere nee for the Classroom Activities 1.
Sentence b: handing (describ ing she)
Sentence c: wan deri ng, pick ing (both describ ing frie nds); Sentence d: made (used with had to in dicate the past perfect ten se) Sentence e: surprised (describ ing Tigger);
Sentence f. filled (used with were to in dicate the passive voice) Sentence g. stari ng (describ ing Tigger)
Sentence h: left (describ ing nothing) ; check ing (describ ing Roo) Sentence i: looking (describing Pooh) Sentence j. looking (describing Roo);
Sentence k. gone (used with have to in dicate the prese nt perfect ten se) Sentence l: picking (describing friends), fallen (describing raspberries) Sentence m. waiting (used with was to indicate the present continuous ten
se)
2.
a. smili ng
b. Readi ng
A. Prese nt participles in differe nt modes and aspects Form Meaning Simple form doing The action is carried out by the subject and takes placeat the same time as the predicate. Perfect aspect hav ing done The action is carried out by the subject and takes place before the predicate. Passive voice (be ing) done The action is received by the subject and takes placeat the same time as the predicate. hav ing bee n done The action is received by the subject Perfect aspect in passive voice and takes place before the predicate. *ln this passive form, being is usually omitted, and then it becomes the past participle.
c. Swimmi ng e. men ti oned g. published, informing Complex participle phrases
d. compet ing
f. Jump ing, throw n, broke n h. Having, exhausted, relieved
Refere nee for the Classroom Activities
1. Refer to the above table for the meanings of the present participles.
2. a. The computer bought last week brings happ in ess to every one in my family. b. Being back in my hometow n, I did n't know that my professor had assig ned ano ther 5,000-word paper.
c. Standing in front of the picture pain ted by a post-impressi oni st, many people prete nded that they could un dersta nd it. / Many people stood in front of the picture pain ted by a post-impressi oni st, prete nding that they could un dersta nd it. d. Looking out of the window of the train, the boy was amusedby the power lines dancing up and dow n in the air.
Extra Activities
Combineeach of the following groups of sentences into one sentence using participles
a. She was born in a common family. She was educated in an average college.
She is satisfied with her present life. b. The students have finished their exams. They feel greatly relieved.
As a result, they plan to play cards the whole night c. Jimmy set his feet into the starting blocks.
He stared ahead intently.
d. Larry was sitting in a corner of the pub. Larry held his head in his hands.
Larry was so depressed that even the best joke in the world couldn't cheer him
up.
Suggested answers to the Extra Activities
a. Born in a common family and educated in an average college, she is satisfied with her present life.
b. Having finished their exams and feeling greatly relieved, the students plan to play cards the whole night.
c. Jimmy set his feet into the starting blocks, staring ahead intently. d. Holding his head in his hands, Larry was sitting in a corner of the pub, so depressed that even the best joke in the world couldn't cheer him up.
B. Participles with conjunctions Suggested answers to the question
Structure: They are all composed of a conjunction and a participle, and the noun in the main clause is the logical subject or object.
Meaning: Sentence a: time; Sentence b: concession; Sentence c: condition. Reference for the Classroom Activities
1. a. Kate fell asleep when/while reading Bob's letter.
b. She started to chat with her friend after finishing / having finished her work. c. Although having seen it a thousand and one times, the old man still watches
the video from time to time.
d. Although closely watched by the guards, the prisoner plans to escape. e. It is believed that if read many times, an article will naturally be understood. f. If buying more, you can pay less.
2. Ask students to work on their own and write two sentencesfor each of the types. Getting to know participles' functions A. Creating concise sentences Suggested answers to the questions 1. Yes.
2. There are two complete ideas in each sentence.
3. The relationship between the two complete ideas becomes closer from
Sentence a through Sentence d. Sentence d has the closestrelationship between the two ideas
4. Sentence d is the most efficient. B. Producing more detailed sentences Suggested answers to the question
In Group a, Sentence 2 is the best, in which the present participles describe live animated actions. In Group b, the best sentence is also Sentence 2, in which the actions are simultaneous. In Group c, Sentence3 is the best sentencein which the present participle and the past participle are combined most efficiently.
C. Establishing clearer logic
Refere nee for the Classroom Activities
1. a. Thinking about her kid at home, Judy made several mistakes in her work. b. The car raced along the street, sending passers-by to run for shelter. /
Racing along the street, the car sent passers-by to run for shelter.
c. Born in Guangzhou and educated in Nanjing, she is now working as a man
ager in Beiji ng.
d. Having bee n shocked and chased by a ferocious dog, the thief hid beh ind
a dustbin, holding his breath for fear of being found.
e. The bomb blew up in the distanee, shaking the ground slightly and making
bursts of light on the dark horiz on.
2. a. Heari ng the n ews, I thought the world had en ded for me.
b. I sat happily in my chair, read ing a n ewspaper. c. (correct)
d. Shocked at the sight of his teacher, the boy stood there dumbfo un ded. e. Having lived there for twenty years, I know this place like the back of my
hand.
3. Ask stude nts to go over their writ in gs, and pay atte nti on to their use of the participles.
Absolutes
Gett ing to know absolutes
Suggested an swers to the exercise
1. An absolute construction is a participle phrase whose logical subject is different from
the sentence subject. 2. A. determ iner + n. + participle verb + other parts of the participle phrase
B. n. + participle verb+ other parts of the participle phrase C. n. + other parts of the participle phrase Reference for the Classroom Activities
Ask students to work on their own and write three sentences using different forms of absolute constructions.
Using absolutes with purpose A. Adding descriptive details
新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材写作教程第三部分参考答案
