圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台阅读理解B节过关必做25篇第3章◆多项对应题Passage1Oneofthemajorproducersofathleticfootwear,with2002salesofover$10billion,isacompanycalledNike,withcorporateheadquartersinBeaverton,Oregon.ForbesmagazineidentifiedNike’spresident,PhilipKnight,asthe53rd-richestmanintheworldin2004.ButNikehasnotalwaysbeenalargemultimillion-dollarorganization.Infact,Knightstartedthecompanybysellingshoesfromthebackofhiscarattrackmeets.Inthelate1950sPhilipKnightwasamiddle-distancerunnerontheUniversityofOregontrackteam,coachedbyBillBowerman.OneofthetoptrackcoachesintheU.S.Bowermanwasalsoknownforexperimentingwiththedesignofrunningshoesinanattempttomakethemlighterandmoreshock-absorbent.AfterattendingOregon,KnightmovedontodograduateworkatStanfordUniversity;hisMBAthesiswasonmarketingathleticshoes.Oncehereceivedhisdegree,KnighttraveledtoJapantocontacttheOnitsukaTigerCompany,amanufacturerofathleticshoes.Knightconvincedthecompany’sofficialsofthepotentialforitsproductintheU.S.In1963hereceivedhisfirstshipmentofTigershoes,200pairsintotal.In1964,KnightandBowermancontributed$500eachtofromBlueRibbonSports,thepredecessorofNike.Inthefirstfewyears,Knightdistributedshoesout1/104圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台ofhiscaratlocaltrackmeets.ThefirstemployeeshiredbyKnightwereformercollegeathletes.Thecompanydidnothavethemoneytohire\andtherewasnoestablishedathleticfootwearindustryinNorth-Americafromwhichtorecruitthoseknowledgeableinthefield.Initsearlyyearstheorganizationoperatedinanunconventionalmannerthatcharacterizeditsinnovativeandentrepreneurialapproachtotheindustry.Communicationwasinformal;peoplediscussedideasandissuesinthehallways,onarun,oroverabeer.Therewaslittletaskdifferentiation.Therewerenojobdescriptions,rigidreportingsystems,ordetailedrulesandregulations.TheteamspiritandsharedvaluesoftheathletesonBowerman’steamscarriedoverandprovidedthebasisforthecollegialstyleofmanagementthatcharacterizedtheearlyyearsofNikes.【答案及解析】1.B根据题干信息，Nike定位到原文第一段的首句“Oneofthemajorproducersofathleticfootwear,with2002salesofover$10billion,isacompanycalledNike”。由此可知，Nike是运动鞋的主要制造商之一。选项B与原文意思一致，是正确答案。2/104圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台2.A题干PhilipKnight出现在第一段中。文中提到“ForbesmagazineidentifiedNike’spresident,PhilipKnight,asthe53rd-richestmanintheworldin2004.”可知PhilipKnight是Nike公司的总裁。选项A与原文是一致的，因此是正确答案。3.D根据BillBowerman定位到原文第二段，该段中有这样的信息：“OneofthetoptrackcoachesintheU.S.,Bowermanwasalsoknownforexperimentingwiththedesignofrunningshoesinanattempttomakethemlighterandmoreshock-absorbent.”。也就是说，BillBowerman是美国的顶尖田径教练之一。选项D与原文一致，是正确答案。4.F根据题干OnitsukaTigerCompany定位到原文的第二段“Oncehereceivedhisdegree,KnighttraveledtoJapantocontacttheOnitsukaTigerCompany,amanufacturerofathleticshoes.”可知OnitsukaTigerCompany生产运动鞋。选项F中的producer对应原文的manufacturer,athleticfootwear对应原文的athleticshoes，因此F就是正确答案。5.E根据题干BlueRibbonSports定位到第三段。该段中提到“In1964,KnightandBowermancontributed$500eachtofromBlueRibbonSports,thepredecessorofNike.”由此可知，BlueRibbonSports是Nike公司的前身。选项E的内容与原文意思一致，因此选E。Passage2Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficultto3/104圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台questioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproduct，itwasrelativelyinefficient.Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Completionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculture4/104圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台canbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswayslandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.【答案及解析】1.C根据题干Sustainabledevelopment定位到原文第一段，原文中的描述是“Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth…Thisisespeciallytruein5/104
考研英语(二)过关必做800题-阅读理解B节过关必做25篇【圣才出品】
