Period Five Grammar—Non-predicate verbs (Ⅰ)
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1．People have always enjoyed laughing，and there has always been humour.
2．Stand-up is a kind of comedy that is done on a stage by a comedian talking straight to audience members.
3．A stand-up comedian may tease an audience member，or might decide to tell different jokes depending upon how the audience reacted to his or her previous jokes.
4．He says it is because when he started practising stand-up as a child，he told himself jokes while standing in front of the mirror，brushing his teeth. 5．They could only see him standing there moving his lips.
6．Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain. 7．To be a good actor，you need to know the vocabulary used on stage.
8．The most famous are the Canadian Mark Roswell，known in China as Dashan，and David Moser(Mo Dawei) from the USA.
1．以上各句中，非谓语动词作主语的是：句6；非谓语动词作宾语的是：句1,4。 2．以上各句中，非谓语动词在句中作方式状语是：句3；非谓语动词作伴随状语且该非谓语动词表示主动和正在进行的动作的是句4。 3．句5中宾语与宾语补足语之间是主动关系。
4．从句2中可以看出，现在分词在句中作定语，表示其与被修饰名词之间存在主动关系；从句7,8中可以看出过去分词在句中作定语，表示其与被修饰名词之间存在被动关系。
一、非谓语动词的句法功能
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，非谓语动词可在句中作主语、宾语、补语、表语、定语和状语。
成分 主语 形式 不定式 动名词 分词
二、非谓语动词作主语 1．不定式作主语
(1)不定式作主语表示某一次的具体动作、将来的动作或一般情况。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，而且谓语动词的数通常用单数。 To hesitate means failure. 犹豫不决就意味着失败。
To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀松。
To smoke so much is not very good for you. 抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(2)有时候为了保持句子平衡，也可以用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式后置。 It is our duty to give as much help as possible. 提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。
(3)不定式的逻辑主语通常用for/of sb.表示，常用于“It is＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.”结构。 It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作是困难的。 It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。
[温馨提示] 若形容词是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for；若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，用of。 2．动名词作主语
(1)动名词作主语常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态，动名词有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数形式。
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。
Having seen a lot of the world in one’s youth is a good thing.年轻时多见见世面是件好事。 Being laughed at in public is what you will never want to happen to you. 被当众嘲笑是你永远不想发生在自己身上的事情。
(2)动名词作主语时，可位于句首和句末。动名词位于句末时常用it作形式主语。常见句型有： It is＋adj.?good，funny，nice，difficult，worthwhile，??
?interesting...?＋动名词??It is no use/no good/a waste of time...＋动名词It is no use waiting here. 在这儿等无济于事。
It is worthwhile spending some time doing this job. 花点儿时间做这项工作是值得的。
注意：动名词作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语。 His leaving is a great loss. 他的离开是一个巨大的损失。 三、非谓语动词作定语 1．不定式作定语
(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有舒适的房子可住。
(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较： Have you got anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Have you got anything to be sent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”) (3)用不定式作定语的几种情况： ①不定式表将来
The car to be bought is for his sister.
2019-2020学年高中英语课件+讲义+练习+单元检测 (1)
