教育心理学双语
Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】
U1 An Introduction to Educational Psychology
KEY WORDS Treatment 治疗 Negative correlation Variables Laboratory 变量 实验室 Uncorrelated Descriptive Researches Internal validity External validity Control group Quantitative researches Questions
1. Why is educational psychology valuable for teachers
为什么教育心理学对教师来说有价值
Because according the educational psychology, teacher can make decisions better. It provided teachers a language to discuss our experiences and thinking.
2. Generally speaking, what is educational psychology concerned about
一般来说,教育心理学关注的是什么
负相关 不相关 描述研究 内部效度 Action research 行为研究 外部效度 Correlational study 相关性研究 对照组 Qualitative researches 定性研究 定量研究 Positive correlation 正相关
The study of
1. Learners —— the nature of students
2. Learning —— principles of learning 3. Teaching —— methods of teaching
U2 How Piaget View Development
schemes adaptation assimilation accommodation
Cognitive structure
1. To Piaget, how did one develop cognitively
1. Knowledge comes from action.
知识来自行动。
2. Development depends on child’s manipulation and active interaction with
the environment.
发展取决于孩子的行为以及环境的相互作用。
格式 适应 同化 顺应 认知结构论
conservation centration reversibility
reflexes Equilibration
守恒 自我中心化 可逆性 反射 平衡
3. A child’s cognitive abilities progress through four distinct stages.
Each stage is characterized by the emergence of new abilities and ways of processing information.
孩子的认知能力经过四个阶段的发展，每一个阶段的特点是新的能力和方法的出现。
2. According to Piaget’s theory, what is the best way to treat a child
1. To know the process children use to get to the answer is as important as
the result.
知道孩子学习的过程和结果一样重要。
2. Children’s self-initiated, active involvement in learning activities is
crucial to their recognition.
孩子自己发现，积极参与学习活动对他们的认知发展极为重要。 3. Premature education is not necessary for children.
过早的学习对孩子来说是没有必要的
4. Children develop at the same sequence but different rates, so individuals
and small group activities should be properly arranged in class. 孩子成长按照相同的程序但是不同的速度，所以课堂活动安排要合理。 3. How can learning happen according to Piaget
According to piaget , learning depends on this process of assimilation and
accommodation.
Assimilation——understanding new experiences in terms of existing schemes. Accommodation——modifying existing schemes to fit new situations.
U3 How Vygotsky View Cognitive Development
sign system self-regulation
符号系统 自我调节
ZPD scaffolding
最近发展期 支架教学
1. To Vygotsky, how did one develop cognitively
1. Development depends on the sign systems that individuals grow up with.
2. Cognitive development is strongly linked to input from others. It is a process of learning from others and internalizing.
2. According to Vygotsky’s theory, what is the best way to treat a child 1. Reading is very important in children’s intellectual development; 阅读对孩子智力发展十分重要
2. Imitation and cooperation is efficient ways in children’s study;
模仿和合作是孩子学习的有效方式
3. Teaching is finding the proper ZPD of children;
找到孩子的最近发展期
4. Encourage private speeches during solving tasks;
解决问题时鼓励自言自语
5. Teach the way of doing things in order that students can know how to do,
not only what to do.
教会学生如何去做而不是做什么
4. How can learning happen according to Vygotsky
Learning depends on the process of self-regulation Action and sound have a meaning Practice
Using signs to think and solve problem
TOPIC 4 Theory into Practice
1. Make a brief comparison between Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories.
Where do they agree with each other
1. Children are active.
2. Trial-and-error is always a way to learn.
3. Facing challenges will improve one’s development.
4. Developing is to improve one’s ways of thinking & solving problems.
Where are they different
1. Development depends on interaction with the environment or more competent human beings.
2. Learning improves or DEPENDS ON development. 3. Cognitive structure or sign systems.
4. Development begins from born ability or society. 5. Assimilation & accommodation or internalization. What is in it for US
1. Development is independent. Nobody can take the place of another. 2. Active interaction with others is the main cause.
3. Adults can help children in 2 ways: giving them chances to try & handle errors; and helping them when they really need (ZPD). 2. What can we do in class teaching according to their theory
1. It is not a good idea to get your kids to sit and listen except reading.
2. Making chances to get your kids to do something by themselves is always helpful.
3. Give your kids tasks individually or in small groups if you can. It is a proper way to find their ZPD where learning happens.
4. Try to give opportunities for your kids to talk in which you will find out when and how to help (scaffolding).
3. When planning to teach, what should we consider according to their ideas
1. What can the kids do with their hands 2. What have they known about my content
3. Can I make the content into tasks for small groups 4. What abilities of the kids can I use in the class
5. Is it possible to introduce other areas into this class 6. How long do I plan for the kids to sit and listen to me 7. What else may draw the children attention
TOPIC 5 Behavioral Theories of Learning（1）Theoretical Basis
learning stimulus 学习 刺激 extinction classical conditioning
消失 经典条件反射
教育心理学双语
