“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”的用法归纳
一．由两部分构成：
疑问词和动词不定式（wh-+to do）。疑问词部分包括疑问代词who, whom, what, which和whose以及疑问副词when,where和how。此外，连接词“whether”也适用.它主要具有以下几种功能：
⑴当主语，如：
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. ● Where to live is a problem.
⑵当宾语，常接在forget,findout,discuss,decide,tell,teach,know,learn,wonder, rember等动词之后作宾语如：
● We must know what to say at a meeting. ● He could not tell whom to trust. ● Do you know how to play bridge? ⑶当表语，如：
● The problem is where to find thefinancial aid. ● The question is who to elect. ⑷当名词同位语，如：
● Tom had no idea which book to read first. ●The question whether to confess troubled the girl.
⑸用于宾语补足语,双重宾语。某些动词后可接“sb.+疑问词+不定式”构成的双重宾语，这类动词常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell等如：
● I cantell you where to get this book.
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●I ask her how to learn English. ●He will advise you what to do.
●Will you show me how to use the machine? (6)作介词宾语：
某些介词后面可接\疑问词＋不定式\作宾语，这类介词常用的有about, as, from, in, of, on,with等。例如：
He has no idea of how to answer this question.他不知道怎样回答这个问题。 Della had only $
1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.德拉仅有$ 1.87为来吉姆买一件礼物。(which是关系代词)
You have a number of topics from which to choose.你有很多题目可以选择。(which是关系代词)
二“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构可以把复合句转为简单句。 如：
I don’t know what I’ll do next. = I don’t know what to do next.The doctor told him when he should take the medicine. = The doctor told him when totake the medicine.
同样，因为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构相当于一个名词性从句，所以可用同等成分的从句代替，从而把简单句转换为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并把不定式改为适当的形式的谓语即可。如： Which to choose is important. = Which we should choose is important.The question is where to go. = The question is where we should go.
三、“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构可构成独立问句。如：
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What to do?怎么办？
How to get rid of the trouble?如何摆脱困境？
按照英语语法的习惯，疑问副词why后不直接跟动词不定式，如： 误：
I don’t know why to choose that dictionary. 正：
I don’t know why you must choose that dictionary.
但它可以接不带to的动词不定式，即动词原形，构成why do sth./ why not do sth.肯定形式是表示某动作是不必要的或没有意义的，而否定形式是表示向某人提建议和表达看法，相当于祈使句。
Today is Sunday. Why not go out to relax yourself? Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value. 练习：
1.I have no idea when ___ her the bad news. A. will tell B. telling C. tell D. to tell
2.—Will you please show me how to do the role-play exercise? —Sure. Now let me tell you __ first. A. which to do B. how to do
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“特殊疑问词动词不定式”的用法归纳
