Heavy Oil Development Technology of Liaohe Oilfield
Han Yun
(Scientific Research Information Department Exploration&Development Research Institute ，Liaohe Oilfield Company)
Liaohe Oilfield ， the largest heavy oil production base in China ， features in various reservoir types ，deep burial ，and wide range of crude oil viscosity ．For manyyears ，a series of technologies have been developed for different oil products and reservoir types of the oilfield ， of which water flooding ，foam slug drive ，steam stimulation ，steam drive,and SAGD are the main technologies. After continuous improvement
， they have been
further developed and played an important role in the development of heavy oil in the oilfield ．
Liaohe Oilfield is abundant in heavy oil resources ， 46％ of the total proved reserves of Liaohe Oilfield Company. Horizontally the resources concentrates in the West Depression and the southern plunging belt of the Central Uplift in Liaohe Rift. Vertically,it is mainly distributed in Paleocene Shahejie Formation(ES). The distinctive geological feature of Liaohe 0ilfield is manifested in three aspects ： first ，the heavy oil
reservoirs are deeply buried and 80 ％ of them are buried more than 900m deep； second， the heavy oil viscosity ranges widely reservoirs . the dead oil viscosity ranges in 100
．For most of the ?100000mPa s with the
maximum 650000mPa s.Third the reservoir types are various with complicated oil —water relationship ，most of the reservoirs are edge water and bosom water
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reservoirs and there are also edge water reservoirs top water reservoirs and bosom water reservoirs For more than 20 years of development
，
．
，Liaohe Oilfield has developed
series of heavy oil development technologies for different oil products and different types of reservoirs
，such as water flooding, foam slug
drive,steam stimulation steam drive and SAGD ． The most difficult issues have been overcome in the development of the super heavy oil in deeper formation ． which has maintained the annual heavy oil output at 8 million tons for many years in Liaohe Oilfield ．
Water flooding development technology for conventional heavy oil-type 1
Based on heavy oil classification,the conventional heavy oil refers to the heavy oil with viscosity ranging in 50 up about 20 ％ of the proved oil reserves of the oilfield
． type I
?100mPa s, taking
．The heavy oil
reservoirs of this type are buried ranging from 1 500m to 2400m deep and are capable of flowing ． Therefore ， natural energy is utilized for conventional development and then water flooding technology is used．For example， the reservoir of $32 oil unit of Block Leng-43 is buried 1 650? l 940m deep with the average oil zone 87.7m thick and the oil viscosity
in situ 58mPa? s. In 1992, the 141 mspacing square well pattern was adopted to develop the kind of reservoirs by utilizing natural energy and two sets of oil production zones. In 2004, water flooding technology was applied. Currently,the degree of reserve recovery reaches 14
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％. the annual oil
recovery rate is 1 ％, and the ultimate recovery ratio is predicted to be as high as 22 ％ .
Technology of foam slug and for conventional heavy oil-type steam flooding for conventional heavy oil-type 2
The upper limit of viscosity for the conventional heavy oil is l OOOOmPa - s(the dead oil viscosity in situ)
—type II
. This kind of heavy oil
is the dominant type of heavy oil in Liaohe Oilfield ， accounting for 60％ of total proved reserves ．The reservoir of such heavy oil is buffed 800-1 600mdeep in genera1. At initial development stage, steam stimulation was carried out to develop this kind of reservoirs
． In the higher cycles of
steam flooding ， the reservoirs with the heavy oil viscosity close to the lower limit of this kind of heavy oil are conversed into the steam drive development ．Pilot tests of foam slug and steam flooding have conducted in Block Jin-90 and Block Qi-40 successfully,and they will be applied to the whole blocks in near future ． The recovery factor is forecast to be up to 50 ％ ~60 ％ ．
Steam stimulation technology for special heavy oil
The special heavy oil refers to the heavy oil with the viscosity ranging
in 10000~50000mPa ? s in situ,which takes up 10% of proved oil reserves of the oilfield. The reservoir of the kind of oil is buried ranging from 1400m to 1800m. Steam simulation technology is often applied to develop such reservoirs. However, technology of steam drive or SAGDare also under research and experiments for reservoirs of good quality.
SAGD technology for super heavy oil
The super heavy oil reservoir refers to the heavy oil with dead oil
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viscosity in situ over 50000mPa ? s, which acco unts for 10% of proved
reserves of the oilfield. Due to its extremely high viscosity, it is just developed for few years.
For the massive super heavy oil reservoirs,
SAGD can be applied in the late stage of steam stimulation. At present, good intermediate results have been obtained in SAGDpilot test in Block Du-84 of Guantao Formation, showing good prospect for application. They have been applied in the whole block and the ultimate recovery factor is predicted to achieve 55%.
Conclusion
Various technology should be applied to develop different types of
heavy oil reservoirs. Besides the technologies mentioned above, the technologies of combustion in situ, flue gas drive, and steam foam drive are also under research currently. Therefore, various development technologies will be increasingly improved with the heavy oil development of Liaohe Oilfield.
References
[1] Wang Xu. 2006. Heavy Oil Development Technologies and Discussion on the
Research Orientation in the Next Step. Petroleum Exploration and Development [J],33(4):484~490 [2] Liu Junrong. The Paper Collection of Liaohe Oilfield Development Seminar [C]:Beijing, Petroleum Industry Press, 2002
[3] Zeng Yuqiang. 2006. Heavy Oil steam Stimulation Review. Special Oil&Gas Reservoir[J], 13(6):5~9
辽河油田的重油开发技术
韩云（科研信息部门勘探和开发研究所、辽河油田公司）
辽河油田， 在中国最大的重油生产基地， 在不同的储层类型， 具有埋藏深， 与原油粘度 范围宽。 多年来， 一系列的技术已经被开发用于不同的石油产品和油田的储层类型， 驱，泡沫驱，蒸汽吞吐，蒸汽驱动，和
SAGD技术主要有。经过不断的改进，他们已经得到
其中水
了进一步的发展和在油田稠油开发的重要作用。
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辽河油田重油资源丰富，辽河油田公司的总探明储量的 46%。横向的资源集中在西部凹
ES）。辽河油田独特
陷，南部倾带在辽河断陷中央隆起。纵向上，主要分布在古新统沙河（ 的地质特征主要表现为三个方面：第一，重油油藏埋藏深， 重油的粘度范围广泛。对于大多数的油藏，死油的粘度范围在
80%被埋超过 900 米深；第二，
100?100000mpa,而最大值 约为
650000mpa；第三，油藏类型是各种复杂的油水关系，大多数的油藏边水和怀水库也有 边水库，上水库和怀水库。
20 多年的发展，辽河油田开发了不同油品、不同类型油藏稠油开发技术系列，如水驱， 泡沫驱，蒸汽吞吐蒸汽驱和 SAGD最难的问题已被克服，在超稠油开发中具有更深的地层。 保持着每年稠油产量在 8000000 吨辽河油田多年。
常规稠油注水开发技术 1 型
基于稠油分类，常规稠油 I型是指稠油粘度为 50到100mPa- s,约为已探明石油储量 的油田 20%。这种类型的重油油藏埋从 500 米至 2400 米深,能够流动。因此 , 自然能源用于 常规发展，然后注水技术是使用。例如 ，油藏32美元的石油单位块 Leng-43深埋1650? 1940m,平均石油区厚 87.7米和油粘度原位 58 mPa ? s。 1992, 141米间距的正方形井网是 通过利用自然能源和两套油生产区开发该类储层中的应用。
2004，应运水驱技术。 目前，采
出程度达到 14%。每年的油回收率为 1%，和最终采收率预计将高达 22%。
泡沫段塞技术和常规稠油蒸汽驱常规稠油 2 型
对于常规稠油n型粘度上限为 L 0000mPa ? s （原位重油粘度）。这类稠油是辽河油田 稠油的主要类型，占探明储量占60%这样的稠油油藏埋深一般是 800?1600m在发展的初 始阶段, 应运蒸汽吞吐开发这类油藏。 在蒸汽驱更高的周期, 与稠油粘度接近这类稠油储层 下限值转换为蒸汽驱开发。泡沫段塞和蒸汽驱先导试验已经进行了
功,并将它们应用到整个块在不久的将来。采收率预计将达
jin-90 和 qi-40 断块成
50%? 60%。
特稠油蒸汽吞吐技术
特稠油是指稠油的粘度范围在 10%中石油类储层埋藏范围从
10000?50000mPa- s的原位，占已探明石油储量的油田
1400?1800m蒸汽仿真技术常被应用于开发此类油藏。然
而，蒸汽驱和SAG敢术也在研究和实验下的优质储层。
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SAG［技术超重油
超稠油油藏是指重油原位重油粘度
50000mpa-,占该油田探明储量10%由于其极高的
SAG敢术，可应用于蒸汽吞吐后期。
目前,
粘度，它只是开发了几年。对于块状超稠油油藏 好的中间结果已在馆陶形成了
du-84块SAGD先导试验，显示良好的应用前景。他们已经被
55%。
应用在整个街区，最终采收率预计达到
总结
各种技术应用于不同类型的稠油油藏的开发。 除了上面提到的技术， 就地燃烧技术， 烟 气和蒸汽泡沫驱的驱动， 目前也在研究。 因此， 不同的开发技术将成为辽河油田稠油开发日
参考文献
[1] 王旭。 2006 年，稠油开发技术， 探讨在下一步的研究方向。 石油勘探与开发 [J] ， 33（ 4）： 484 ~ 490
[2] 刘骏。辽河油田发展研讨会论文集 [ C ] ：北京，石油工业出版社， 2002
[3] 曾玉强 。 2006 年，稠油蒸汽吞吐的回顾。特殊油气藏的研究 [J] ， 13（6）：5 ~ 9
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