Pushing ahead, East, North, West development, facilitating shanty, complete xincheng West Road, stability and reconstruction of the street, Star Ding garden built century Garden District, subject public housing construction, heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation, Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft, further expanded the town development. Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead. According to \cal lay based, and industry increased income, and live upgrade civilization, and culture rich connotation\caught built beautiful village, and whole village advance, and easily relocation, and \hree built\oject near 30 a; depth into ecological, and industry, and culture, and tourism, elements, high standards caught party original city Liu, and jade are Xia AO, model village, in province City set has benchmark. Four is equal benefits to promote sharing, coordinated development of various social undertakings. In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth, increase, financial 75% to the people's livelihood, the masses have more access in the sharing. Cuoban something good and benefit. Adhere to the affordable, best, carefully cuoban village oil, water and heat, cultural, city and County columns practical, developments benefit families, bring more welfare to the masses. Development of social convenience. Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment, the County vocational education center was named \chool of vocational education in China\hird batch of national reform and development model through provincial ... Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire. As an engine of dynamism, adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development. Pay close attention to the key areas of reform. Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel, adjustment, to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation, speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project, encouraging the orderly transfer of land management, utilize the land resources, in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation. Actively cultivate the market. Firmly establish a market-oriented, nurturing family farms, industrial users, professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456, effectively improve the industry, intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro-credit, urban development, culture and tourism, public services and other areas, easing development shortfall. To promote mass innovation. To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas, creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation, bring added 159 in non public enterprises, individually-1540, created a第一章 绪论
1、机电一体化系统的基本功能要素有哪些？ 功能各是什么？
(1)、机械本体 其主要功能是使构造系统的各子系统，零部件按照一定的空间和时间关系安置在一定位置上，并保持特定的关系。
(2)、动力单元 按照机电一体化系统控制要求，为系统提供能量和动力，以保证系统正常运行。
(3)、传感检测单元 对系统运行中所需要的本身和外界环境的各种参数及状态进行检测，并转换成可识别信号，传输到控制信息处理单元，经过分析处理产生相应的控制信息。 (4)、执行单元 根据控制信息和指令完成所要求的动作。
(5)、驱动单元 在控制信息作用下，驱动各执行机构完成各种动作和功能。
(6)、控制与信息处理单元 将来自各传感器的检测信息和外部输入命令进行集中、储存、分析、加工，根据信息处理结果，按照一定的程序发出相应的控制信号，通过输出接口送往执行机构，控制整个系统有目的的运行，并达到预期的性能。
(7)、接口 将各要素或子系统连接成一个有机整体。 2、机电一体化的相关技术有哪些？
①机械技术②检测传感技术③信息处理技术④自动控制技术⑤伺服驱动技术⑥系统总体技术 第二章 机械系统设计
1、分析各种机械特性对系统性能是如何影响的。
答：摩擦（稳态精度、低速爬行原因）、阻尼（欠阻尼、阻尼比不同时的影响）、间隙（G1—G4）、转动惯量（过大、过小）。
Ⅰ、摩擦特性对性能的影响分析（1）引起动态滞后和稳态误差，如果系统开始处于静止状态，当输入轴以一的角速度转动时,由于静摩擦力矩T的作用,在一定的转角θi范围内, 输出轴将不会运动,θi值即为静摩擦引起的传动死区。在传动死区内,系统将在一段时间内对输入信号无响应,从而造成误差。
（2）引起低速抖动或爬行—导致系统运行不稳定当输入轴以恒速ω继续运动后,输出轴也以恒速ω运动, 但始终滞后输入轴一个角度θss,（θss为系统的稳态误差）。
Ⅱ阻尼 （1）当阻尼比ξ＝0时，系统处于等幅持续振荡状态，因此系统不能无阻尼。 （2）当ξ≥1时, 系统为临界阻尼或过阻尼系统。此时,过渡过程无振荡,但响应时间较长。
（3）当0<ξ<1时, 系统为欠阻尼系统。此时,系统在过渡过程中处于减幅振荡状态, 其幅值衰减的快慢取决于衰减系数ξωn。在ωn确定以后, ξ愈小, 其振荡愈剧烈, 过渡过程越长。相反,ξ越大,则振荡越小,过渡过程越平稳,系统稳定性越好,但响应时间较长,系统灵敏度降低。 Ⅲ间隙
(1) 闭环之外的齿轮G1、G4的齿隙对系统稳定性无影响, 但影响伺服精度。
(2)闭环之内传递动力的齿轮G2的齿隙对系统精度无影响, 这是因为控制系统有自动校正作用，但影响稳定性。(3) 反馈回路上数据传递齿轮G3的齿隙既影响稳定性,又影响精度。 Ⅳ转动惯量
（1）响应慢，降低灵敏度，伺服特性变差；
（2）ξ值将减小,从而使系统的振荡增强,稳定性下降；
（3）会使系统的固有频率下降,容易产生谐振,因而限制了伺服带宽,影响了伺服精度和响应速度。 （4）负载增大。
2各级传动比的最佳分配原则有哪些？ 答：①等效转动惯量最小原则
（1）小功率传动装置 各级传动比分配的结果应遵循“前小后大”的原则。 （2）大功率传动装置 传动比分配的基本原则仍应为“前小后大”。 ②质量最小原则
（1）小功率传动装置 故要考虑齿轮模数、齿轮齿宽等参数要逐级增加的情况。
（2）大功率传动装置 按质量最小原则确定的各级传动比表现为“前大后小”传动比分配方式。 ③输出轴转角误差最小原则
（各级传动比应按“先小后大”原则分配）
Pushing ahead, East, North, West development, facilitating shanty, complete xincheng West Road, stability and reconstruction of the street, Star Ding garden built century Garden District, subject public housing construction, heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation, Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft, further expanded the town development. Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead. According to \cal lay based, and industry increased income, and live upgrade civilization, and culture rich connotation\caught built beautiful village, and whole village advance, and easily relocation, and \hree built\oject near 30 a; depth into ecological, and industry, and culture, and tourism, elements, high standards caught party original city Liu, and jade are Xia AO, model village, in province City set has benchmark. Four is equal benefits to promote sharing, coordinated development of various social undertakings. In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth, increase, financial 75% to the people's livelihood, the masses have more access in the sharing. Cuoban something good and benefit. Adhere to the affordable, best, carefully cuoban village oil, water and heat, cultural, city and County columns practical, developments benefit families, bring more welfare to the masses. Development of social convenience. Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment, the County vocational education center was named \chool of vocational education in China\hird batch of national reform and development model through provincial ... Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire. As an engine of dynamism, adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development. Pay close attention to the key areas of reform. Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel, adjustment, to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation, speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project, encouraging the orderly transfer of land management, utilize the land resources, in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation. Actively cultivate the market. Firmly establish a market-oriented, nurturing family farms, industrial users, professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456, effectively improve the industry, intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro-credit, urban development, culture and tourism, public services and other areas, easing development shortfall. To promote mass innovation. To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas, creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation, bring added 159 in non public enterprises, individually-1540, created a第三章 传感器检测及其接口电路 1、 传感器的主要静态性能指标及定义。
传感器静态特性的主要技术指标有：线性度、灵敏度、迟滞性和重复性等。 ①线性度 指传感器实际的输出与输入特性只能接近线性，与理论直线有偏差。 ②灵敏度 传感器在静态标准条件下，输出变化对输入变化的比值称。
③迟滞性 传感器在正（输入量增大）反（输入量减小）行程中，输出—输入特性曲线的不重合程度 ④重复性 传感器在同一条件下，被测输入量按同一方向作全量程连续多次重复测量时，所得输出—输入曲线的不一致程度。
2、测量转速的常用传感器、原理
磁电式转速传感器，测速发电机，舌簧开关，接近开关，霍尔开关
磁电式（变磁通式传感器）原理：当轴旋转带动齿轮旋转时，由于齿轮的齿顶与铁芯端部的间隙发生变化，造成磁路中的磁阻发生变化，每转过一个齿，在传感器内部线圈的两端就产生一个脉冲（正弦）信号，轴转动一圈时就产生Z个电压脉冲信号，根据下式就可计算出转速：n＝(F/Z )×60 式中：n—被测轴转速，转／分； F—脉冲频率，Hz；Z—齿轮齿数。 接近开关：类型、NPN及PNP型输出形式、负载的接法
按工作原理分：电磁感应型，电容型，磁性型，光电型，超声波型 集成霍尔开关：特点、内部电路组成
特点：它集磁敏霍尔元件和集成电路为一体，具有灵敏可靠、体积小巧、无触点、无磨损、使用寿命长、功耗低以及不怕尘土、油污、湿热等优点。
组成：电压调整器，霍尔电压发生器，差分放大器，3、数字滤波及特点，常用数字滤波的原理及特点。
数字滤波：就是通过一定的计算或判断程序减少干扰信号在有用信号中的比重
特点：①数字滤波器是用软件实现的，不需要增加硬设备，也不存在阻抗匹配问题，可靠性高，稳定性好，成本低。
②数字滤波器可以对频率很低(如0.01 Hz)的信号进行滤波，而模拟滤波器由于受电容容量的限制，频率不可能太低。
③数字滤波器可以根据信号的不同，采用不同的滤波方法或滤波参数，具有灵活、方便、功能强的特点。 常用的数字滤波方法 （1）程序判断滤波法
程序判断滤波就是根据实践经验确定出相邻两次采样信号之间可能出现的最大偏差ΔX，若超出此偏差值，则表明该输入信号是干扰信号，应该去掉；若小于此偏差值，可将信号作为本次采样值。 (2)中值滤波法
其原理是，对信号连续进行n次（ n一般取大于3的奇数）采样，并对采样值按由小到大或由大到小的顺序排序，然后取其中间的那个采样值作为本次采样值。 （3)算术平均滤波法
史密特触发器和集电极开路的输出级。
1n算术平均滤波法是对信号连续进行n次采样，并以其算术平均值作为有效采样值 X0??Xini?1（4）防脉冲干扰平均值滤波法
即“去两头取平均”方法，该滤波法先对N个数据进行比较，去掉其中的最大值和最小值，然后计算余下的N-2个数据的算术平均值。即Y=（X2+X3+X4…….+XN-1)/(N-2) 4、常用非线性补偿方法及原理。
1、计算法 编制一段完成数学表达式计算的程序，将经前期处理的被测参数值输入该程序，计算后的数值即为非线性校正值。
2、查表法 将事先计算或通过测量获得的数据按顺序排列成表格形式存放在ROM中，由查表程序根据被测参数的值通过查表找出相应的结果。
3、插值法 将非线性曲线按一定要求分成若干段，然后用直线代替相应的各段曲线。
4、曲线拟合法 通过实验获得有限对测量数据（xi， yi）, 利用这些数据来求取近似函数y= f ( x )。该法
Pushing ahead, East, North, West development, facilitating shanty, complete xincheng West Road, stability and reconstruction of the street, Star Ding garden built century Garden District, subject public housing construction, heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation, Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft, further expanded the town development. Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead. According to \cal lay based, and industry increased income, and live upgrade civilization, and culture rich connotation\caught built beautiful village, and whole village advance, and easily relocation, and \hree built\oject near 30 a; depth into ecological, and industry, and culture, and tourism, elements, high standards caught party original city Liu, and jade are Xia AO, model village, in province City set has benchmark. Four is equal benefits to promote sharing, coordinated development of various social undertakings. In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth, increase, financial 75% to the people's livelihood, the masses have more access in the sharing. Cuoban something good and benefit. Adhere to the affordable, best, carefully cuoban village oil, water and heat, cultural, city and County columns practical, developments benefit families, bring more welfare to the masses. Development of social convenience. Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment, the County vocational education center was named \chool of vocational education in China\hird batch of national reform and development model through provincial ... Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire. As an engine of dynamism, adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development. Pay close attention to the key areas of reform. Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel, adjustment, to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation, speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project, encouraging the orderly transfer of land management, utilize the land resources, in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation. Actively cultivate the market. Firmly establish a market-oriented, nurturing family farms, industrial users, professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456, effectively improve the industry, intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro-credit, urban development, culture and tourism, public services and other areas, easing development shortfall. To promote mass innovation. To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas, creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation, bring added 159 in non public enterprises, individually-1540, created a采用n次多项式来逼近非线性曲线，该多项式方程的各个系数由最小二乘法确定。 5、标度变换及表达式。
控制系统中的各种被测参量（如温度、压力、流量等）的量纲和数值尽管各不相同，但它们经模拟输入通道采集后得到的都是数字信号，实际应用中需要按被测参量的工程单位进行显示、打印、记录或报警，因此还必须把经过处理后的数字信号转换成带有不同工程单位的测量值。这项工作称为标度变换。 表达式
Ax?A0?(Am?A0)式中：Ax— 参数测量值； Am — 参数量程上限； A0 — 参数量程下限；
(Nx?N0)Nm?N0 Nm— Am对应的A／D转换后的输入值； N0 — A0对应的A／D转换后的输入值； Nx — 测量值Ax对应的A／D转换值。 第四章 机电一体化系统的执行元件（控制电机） 1、 执行元件的分类。
答：根据使用能量的不同，执行元件主要分为电磁（气）式、液压式和气压式三大类型 2、 可控硅的主要用途。
用途：（1）整流 — AC→DC （2）逆变 — 将直流电转变为交流电 （3）变频 — 改变交流电频率 （4）交流调压 — 调节交流电压
（5）无触点开关 — 能迅速接通或切断大功率的交流或直流电路，而不产生火花，适用于防火、防爆的场合。 单向可控硅导通和关断的条件
（1）晶闸管导通必须具备两个条件：① 阳极A与阴极K之间要加正向电压EA；② 控制极G与阴极K之间也要有足够的正向电压和正向电流（EG，IG）。
（2）晶闸管一旦导通，控制极即失去控制作用，只要维持阳极电位高于阴极电位和阳极电流IA大于维持电流IH，就可继续导通。
（3）为使晶闸管关断，必须使阳极电流IA减小到维持电流IH以下，这只要使阳极电压减小到零或者将其反向即可。
3、 可控硅整流电路、波形图及工作原理。 正半周：0＜ωt＜α，ug=0，SCR正向阻断，uL=0；ωt=α时，加入ug脉冲，SCR导通，若忽略其正向压降，uL=u2。
负半周：π≤ωt＜2π，当u2自然过零时，SCR自行
关断而处于反向阻断状态，uL=0。
α称为控制角，θ称为导通角，显然α+θ=π。当α=0，θ=180度时，可控硅全导通；
当α=180度，θ=0，可控硅全关断，输出电压为零。
4、 直流伺服电机优点，常用驱动型式，H型驱动电路及原理，PWM调速控制基本原理。 优点：（1）稳定性好，能在较宽的速度范围内稳定运转。 （2）可控性好，具有线性的调节特性，转速正比于控制电压。 （3）响应迅速，具有较大的起动转矩和较小的转动惯量。 （4）控制功率低，损耗小。（5）转矩大。
驱动型式：1、可控硅直流调速驱动 2、晶体管直流脉宽调制(PWM)驱动 H型驱动电路
PWM调速控制基本原理
给定供电电压U，由控制脉冲信号控制晶体管VT的通断，从而使直流电动机得到脉冲驱动信号(小功率电机约2kHz)，改变脉冲控制信号的每一周期通电时间，就可改变直流电动机的平均工作电压Ud，从而达到调速的目的；改变供电电压和续流二极管的极性，便可改变直流电动机的转向。
5、 步进电机控制系统组成、每一部分作用；三种通电方式；小步距角步进电机步距角和转速表达式；步进电机的分类及特点；软环分原理及如何实现。
通电方式：（1）单相轮流通电方式 每次切换前后只有一相绕组通电，其余绕组断电，U→V→W→U
Pushing ahead, East, North, West development, facilitating shanty, complete xincheng West Road, stability and reconstruction of the street, Star Ding garden built century Garden District, subject public housing construction, heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation, Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft, further expanded the town development. Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead. According to \cal lay based, and industry increased income, and live upgrade civilization, and culture rich connotation\caught built beautiful village, and whole village advance, and easily relocation, and \hree built\oject near 30 a; depth into ecological, and industry, and culture, and tourism, elements, high standards caught party original city Liu, and jade are Xia AO, model village, in province City set has benchmark. Four is equal benefits to promote sharing, coordinated development of various social undertakings. In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth, increase, financial 75% to the people's livelihood, the masses have more access in the sharing. Cuoban something good and benefit. Adhere to the affordable, best, carefully cuoban village oil, water and heat, cultural, city and County columns practical, developments benefit families, bring more welfare to the masses. Development of social convenience. Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment, the County vocational education center was named \chool of vocational education in China\hird batch of national reform and development model through provincial ... Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire. As an engine of dynamism, adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development. Pay close attention to the key areas of reform. Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel, adjustment, to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation, speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project, encouraging the orderly transfer of land management, utilize the land resources, in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation. Actively cultivate the market. Firmly establish a market-oriented, nurturing family farms, industrial users, professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456, effectively improve the industry, intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro-credit, urban development, culture and tourism, public services and other areas, easing development shortfall. To promote mass innovation. To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas, creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation, bring added 159 in non public enterprises, individually-1540, created a（2）双相轮流通电方式 每次切换前后有两相绕组通电，UV→VW→WU→UV （3）单双相轮流通电方式 单、双相通电交替出现，U→UV→V→VW→W→WU→U 小步距角步进电机步距角和转速表达式
式中，k是通电方式系数。当采用单相或双相通电方式时，k＝1；当采用单双相轮流通电方式时，k＝2。可见，
?bf60n?f如果脉冲的频率为f Hz，θb的单位为度，则转速（r/min)为： ?2?kmz步进电机按转子构成分类及特点：
采用单双相轮流通电方式还可使步距角减小一半。
（1）可变磁阻式步进电机 结构简单，工作可靠，运行频率高，步距角小，但励磁电流大，断电后无定位转矩。
（2）永磁式步进电机 控制功率小，效率高，造价低，断电后有定位转矩，但步距角大。 （3）混合式步进电机 步距角小，工作频率高，控制功率小。但结构复杂，成本高。 软环分原理及如何实现
采用计算机软件，利用查表或计算方法来进行脉冲的环形分配，称为软件环形分配。
通过软件可顺序在程序数据表中提取数据并通过输出接口输出数据即可，通过正向顺序读取和反向顺序读取可控制电动机进行正反转，通过控制读取一次数据的时间间隔可控制电动机的转速。 第五章 工业控制计算机及其接口技术
1、 工控机组成，常用工控机，对工控机系统的基本要求。
组成：计算机基本系统、人-机对话系统、系统支持模块、过程输入/输出子系统 常用总线型工控机：（1）STD总线工业控制机（2） PC总线工业控制机（IPC）
基本要求：(1)具有完善的过程输入/输出功能 （2）具有实时控制功能 （3）具有可靠性 （4）具有较强的环境适应性和抗干扰能力（5）具有丰富的软件。 2、 CPU与外设之间为什么要设置接口
（1）信号线不兼容 信号线功能定义、逻辑定义、时序关系上都不一致。 （2）二者之间速度不兼容。（5）解决负载驱动问题。
3、模拟量数据采集通道的常用结构形式、特点
⑴多路A/D通道：从每个信号源检测的信号都有各自的独立采集通道，即每个通道都有独立的采用保持器和A/D转换器，因此其成本高，但转换速度快，常用于需同步高速数据采集，同步转换的计算机控制系统。 (2)多路同时采样分时转换通道：从多路信号源来的数据经各自的采样-保持器后，经模拟多路转换开关控制，共用一个A/D转换器，这种结构节省硬件，但转换速度比较慢，多路开关的引用也使误差增加。
(3)多路信号源共享采样-保持器和A/D转换器：此结构共用一套采样-保持器和A/D转换器，节省硬件成本，但转换速度更慢，常用于分时采样，分时转换的计算机控制系统中。 4、TTL数字逻辑电路特点、系列、分类、电路的主要参数；CMOS电路特点 TTL特点：结构简单、品种齐全、功耗适中、速度快、使用方便。 系列：74系列和54系列
分类：标准TTL—SN54/74，如7406，7407 低功耗TTL—SN54L/74L
高速TTL—SN54H/74H，开关速度较快。
肖特基TTL—SN54S/74S，采用了抗饱和三极管（或称为肖特基三极管），加快了电路的开关速度，但电路的功耗加大。
低功耗肖特基TTL—SN54LS/74LS，兼顾了功耗与速度。如74LS04、74LS08 参数：（1）输出高电平VOH和输出低电平VOL （2）输入高电平VIH和输入低电平VIL （3）高电平输出电流IOH和低电平输出电流IOL
CMOS电路特点：功耗低，工作电压范围宽，抗干扰性能强
（3）提高CPU的工作效率
（4）若CPU直接控制，外设硬件则依赖于CPU，这样对外设的发展不利。
Pushing ahead, East, North, West development, facilitating shanty, complete xincheng West Road, stability and reconstruction of the street, Star Ding garden built century Garden District, subject public housing construction, heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation, Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft, further expanded the town development. Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead. According to \cal lay based, and industry increased income, and live upgrade civilization, and culture rich connotation\caught built beautiful village, and whole village advance, and easily relocation, and \hree built\oject near 30 a; depth into ecological, and industry, and culture, and tourism, elements, high standards caught party original city Liu, and jade are Xia AO, model village, in province City set has benchmark. Four is equal benefits to promote sharing, coordinated development of various social undertakings. In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth, increase, financial 75% to the people's livelihood, the masses have more access in the sharing. Cuoban something good and benefit. Adhere to the affordable, best, carefully cuoban village oil, water and heat, cultural, city and County columns practical, developments benefit families, bring more welfare to the masses. Development of social convenience. Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment, the County vocational education center was named \chool of vocational education in China\hird batch of national reform and development model through provincial ... Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire. As an engine of dynamism, adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development. Pay close attention to the key areas of reform. Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel, adjustment, to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation, speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project, encouraging the orderly transfer of land management, utilize the land resources, in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation. Actively cultivate the market. Firmly establish a market-oriented, nurturing family farms, industrial users, professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456, effectively improve the industry, intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro-credit, urban development, culture and tourism, public services and other areas, easing development shortfall. To promote mass innovation. To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas, creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation, bring added 159 in non public enterprises, individually-1540, created a5、数据传输的三种控制形式、特点
（1）无条件I/O方式 不需同步，直接进行数据传输
（2）查询式I/O方式 查询式比无条件传送方式可靠，接口电路简单，而且查询程序也简单，易于设计调试，效率较低
（3）中断控制方式 提高CPU的效率和使系统具有良好的实时性 6、RS-485串行通信的特点
（1）因采用差动收/发，共模抑制比高，抗干扰能力强。 （2）传输率高，可达10Mb/S（传送12m时）。
（3）传输距离远（无MODEM时），采用双绞线，100kb/S时，可达1200m。若减小波特率，传输距离更远。 （4）能实现多点对多点通信 第六章 系统抗干扰技术
1、形成干扰的条件、干扰的传播方式
形成干扰的条件:①干扰源②传播途径③接收载体
干扰的传播方式①传导方式：干扰信号通过各种线路传入。 ②辐射方式：干扰信号通过空间感应传入。 2、常用的抗干扰方法。
①屏蔽：电场屏蔽、磁场屏蔽和电磁场屏蔽 ②隔离：光电隔离、变压器隔离和继电器隔离 ③滤波 ④接地：单点接地和多点接地
⑤软件抗干扰：软件滤波，软件陷阱和软件看门狗
⑥其他：（1）合理选择电源（2）滤波及退耦电容的使用（3）合理布局
（4）差动放大器与抗共模干扰
（5）V/F转换电路的应用（6）传感器屏蔽线的接法（7）人体静电的防护 （8）雷击的防护
机电一体化复习内容
