worsened by the combination of those two. 2024 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia,” Hausfather added on Friday.
Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures are also contributed to more variable weather around the world.
Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.
Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣).
8. What are the numbers about in paragraph 1?
A. The causes of Australian fires.
B. The results of Australian fires.
C. The damaged areas of Australian fires.
D. The property destruction of Australian fires.
9. Which of the following best explains \
A. Very quickly to adapt to.
B. Very seriously to focus on.
C. Very likely to be influenced by.
D. Very easily to be protected against.
10. What can we infer from Trenberth's research?
A. Global warming is the root cause of the bushfires.
B. Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.
C. Warmer ocean temperatures promote fires spreading.
D. The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.
11. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A. To stress the effects of Australia fires.
B. To show the methods for controlling burns.
C. To predict the seriousness of Australia fires.
D. To provide some advice about reducing damage.
D
For grownups, an afternoon snooze(打盹) is often easier said than done. But many of us have probably experienced just how simple it can be to catch some sleep in a gently rocking hammock(吊床). By examining brain waves in sleeping adults, researchers reported in the June 21 issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, that they now have evidence to explain why that is.
“It is a common belief that rocking causes sleep: we fall asleep in a rocking chair soon and, since ancient times, we cradle our babies to sleep,” said Sophie Schwartz of the University of Geneva.“Yet, how this works had remained a mystery. The goal of our study was made up of two parts: to test whether rocking does indeed improve sleep, and to understand how this might work at the brain level.”
Schwartz, Michel Mühlethaler, and their colleagues Laurence Bayer and Irina Constantinescu asked twelve adult volunteers to nap on a custommade bed or “experimental hammock” that could either remain still or rock gently. All participants were good sleepers who didn’t typically nap and did not suffer from excessive sleepiness during the day. Each participant took two 45minute afternoon naps, one with the bed still and one with the bed in motion, while their brain activity was monitored.
“We observed a faster transition to sleep in each and every subject in the swinging condition,” Mühlethaler said. “Surprisingly, we also observed a dramatic boosting of certain types of sleeprelated brain waves.”
More specifically, rocking increased the length of stage N2 sleep, a form of nonrapid eye
movement sleep that normally occupies about half of a good night’s sleep. The rocking bed also had a lasting effect on brain activity, increasing slow brain waves and bursts of activity known as sleep spindles(纺锤体).
Schwartz and Mühlethaler say the next step is to find out whether rocking can improve longer
periods of sleep and to find out whether it may be useful for the treatment of sleep disorders, such as insomnia(失眠).
12. What does the June 21 issue of Current Biology tell us according to Paragraph 1? A. It is more difficult for grownups to fall asleep. B. People today like to sleep in a rocking hammock. C. Many people nowadays suffer from excessive sleepiness.
D. There comes the evidence to explain why rocking benefits people’s sleep. 13．What can we learn from Sophie Schwartz’s words? A. Her team aimed to answer two questions. B. The study is going to benefit babies a lot.
C. The study had been kept secret before being finished. D. People used to believe rocking was bad for sleep. 14. What finding was beyond the researchers’ expectation? A. The rocking seemed to improve participants’ sleep quality. B. All the participants fell asleep faster in the swinging condition. C. Some participants couldn’t fall asleep in the swinging condition. D. Participants had a tendency to sleep excessively in the swinging bed. 15. A suitable title for this passage would probably be A. Take a Snooze.Easier Said than Done
B. Want a Faster Sleep? Change Your Sleeping Habits C. Need a Nap? Find Yourself a Hammock
D. Suffer from Sleep Disorder? New Treatment Found
. 第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项选为多余选项。
Reading for pleasure is an alien concept especially between your to-do list, your
deadlines, and your complete lack of “your time”. 16 However, tons of super successful people find time in their schedules to read. After spending hours and hours trying different strategies, I’m excited to share the tricks that have helped me make reading for pleasure reality.
Combine it with an existing, enjoyable habit.
Writer James Clear introduced me to the concept of “habit stacking（ 叠 放 ）” . 17
According to Clear, “the quickest way to build a new habit into your life is to stack it on top of a current habit.”
Since I’ve always loved breakfast, I decided to “stack” the new habit of reading for 30 minutes on top of my existing one of going to cafes and eating fried eggs.
18
At the beginning of each month, my friend and I share our reading lists and make sure to help each other to finish them. After posting my first reading list with an image and “mentioning” a few authors, one of them started following my account and another asked me to share my thoughts on his book. 19
Only allow yourself to buy a new book for every book you’ve finished.
Although I never read much until recently, I did have the bad habit of buying books—books that would only collect dust on my shelves. I’ll assume that I'm not the only one with this problem.
20 No matter how eager you are to purchase the new release that appeared in your local bookstore or on the homepage of your Amazon account, don’t—not unless you’ve recently finished a book from your reading list. It’s that simple. A. Share your monthly reading goals with a friend.
山东省日照市第一中学2024届高三“登峰之旅”(11)考试英语试卷
