2017学年第一学期高三联合调研
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A （20%）
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
How to Find Happiness without Buying it?
Our materialistic society has led us to believe that happiness cannot be obtained without having money.
Rather than learning to be satisfied with what we have, we ___21___ (teach)to want more. We learn from advertising, and from the media, __22____ we need to buy trinkets and toys in order to make ourselves happy, or __23___ (fulfill) emotional needs, and that the purchases they are trying to talk us into will provide us with the psychological comfort we are looking for.
Unfortunately, as a society we have bought into these ___24___ (misguide)messages and have come to believe that ___25__ (spend) money on certain items will bring us fame, fortune, happiness, beauty, or popularity. As a result, we trade hours of our lives working, sacrificing time that __26___ have been spent with our families, ___27__ the pursuit of the almighty dollar. Actually, there are a number of ways to enjoy life without the need for a great deal of money. For example, Think about __28__ you would spend your time, and what you would do for enjoyment. Change your focus from material possessions to ___29__ that bring you enjoyment, such as spending quality time with your family and friends.Certainly, it is important to work and earn enough to provide for our basic needs and the needs of our families, but it is important to recognize when the desire for personal possessions becomes overly consuming, __30___ otherwise will upset a balance between a satisfying work life and a rich home life. The best way to achieve such a balance is to ensure the drive for material possessions does not become all consuming.
【答案】are taught ；that；to fulfill；misguided；spending；could；for；how；others；which 【分析】
21. 考查时态语态，句子缺谓语，teach sb，但是这里teach没有宾语，所以用被动。 22. 考查连词，这是个宾语从句，从句不缺成分以及没有疑问意思，所以用that
23. 考查非谓语，前面有个or，表示并列，所以跟前面的to make并列，所以填to fulfill 24. 考查非谓语，做后面messages的前置定语，表示被动，所以填done的形式 25. 考查非谓语，spend动名词在从句中的主语
26. 考查情态动词，that后面是个从句，动词原形前考虑情态动词，根据句意，填写could
27. 考查介词，后面是个名词短语，想到介词，根据句意填写for，表示为了 28. 考查连词，think about后面是个宾语从句，根据句意是填写how
29. 考查代词，from...to...,根据这个短语判断填写名词，但是不可以，所以想到代词，根据句意填写others
30. 考查连词，这里which指代前面整句句子 Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. addiction F.essential B. downward G. analytical C.access H. forced D. unfair I. reliance E. urged J. criticized K. fall
A pen has always been a(n) (31) ________tool when it comes to taking exams. However, in this digital age, this traditional tool may become a thing of the past.
Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and allowing students to use laptops(手提电脑) or iPads to take exams instead.
The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained that students’ handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize. The (32)______ in being able to write neatly could largely be down to the (33)______ on laptops in lectures and elsewhere.
“There has definitely been a (34)______ trend. It is difficult for both the students and the examiners as it is harder and harder to read these scripts,” Sarah Pearsall, a senior lecturer at the university, told The Telegraph.
As a result, more and more students with poor handwriting are being (35)______ to return to university during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud to university administrators. However, some (36)______ the move, fearing the handwritten word would become a lost art. Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert at the British Institute of Graphologists, (37)______ Cambridge to “make sure that students continue to write by hand, particularly in lectures”. She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better.
Meanwhile, there are also concerns that primary and secondary schools could follow Cambridge’s examples.
In fact, a similar plan was carried out for some first- and second-year students at Edinburgh University in the UK in 2011, reported The Scotsman. Senior officials at the university believed it was (38)______ to expect students to use pens and paper during exams when most of their coursework was done using computers.
The move also echoes the opinions of Harvard professor Eric Mazur, known as the father of the “flipped classroom (翻转课堂)”. He believed that the rise of the (39)______ to mobile internet means that we live in an age in which we don’t need to memorize anything. Students should be tested on their creative and (40)______ skills, rather than the ability to remember information, he
said during the Times Higher Education World Academic Summit in September.
【答案】F K I B H J E D C G 【分析】
31. 修饰tool，填形容词，指在以前笔是考试必要的工具。 32. 此处填名词。指的是如今越来越少的人能够书写工整了。
33. 此处填名词。根据介词搭配on，指是由于人们在讲座等其他地方对于笔记本电脑的依赖。 34. 修饰trend用形容词。表明这种慢慢用电脑取代笔考试的形式有下行的趋势。 35. 此处填动词过去分词，表被动。指那些书写糟糕的学生被迫在暑期来到学校将自己的答案大声读给学校领导听。
36. 此处填动词过去式。根据however表转折，指有些批判这一做法。
37. 此处填动词过去式。指专家极力规劝学生尽量采取书写，特别是在讲座中。
38. 此处填形容词。指对于在大多数课程中使用电脑完成作业的学生来说，期望他们考试时用纸和笔是不公平的。
39. 此处填名词。指随着越来越多人接触到互联网手机移动的环境，我们生活在一个不需要记忆太多的时代，因为使用网络就可以搜到。
40. 修饰skills用形容词，指的是测试学生的创造和分析能力。
III. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the work or phrase that best fits the context.
It's no secret that as a population, Americans have been getting heavier, but researchers now say that our weight problem may be worse than we thought.
In a study published in the journal PLOS One, lead author Dr. Eric Braverman says that our current measure of obesity (肥胖症) -- body mass index, or BMI -- significantly (41) ______ the number of people, especially women, who are obese.
Braverman and his co-author, Dr. Nirav Shah, studied 1,400 men and women, comparing their BMI measurement to their percentage of body fat, as measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. While BMI is a simple ratio of a person’s height and weight, the DEXA scan-- which is normally used to measure body density (密度) -- can (42) ______ between bone, fat and muscle mass.
Based on BMI, about one-third of Americans are considered obese, but when other methods of measuring obesity are used, that number may be (43) ______ to 60% according to Braverman. Physicians have complained for years that BMI is a(n) (44) ______ measure of healthy weight. Extremely muscular people, (45) ______ , may weigh “too much” for their height, since
dense muscle mass weighs more than fat, thus qualifying as obese even if their bodies contain very little fat. Yet it’s not extra weight itself, but excess fat that (46) ______ health problems. “People aren’t being diagnosed as obese, so they’re not being told about their risk of disease or being given (47) _____ on how to improve their health,” Braverman said. Data show that people who (48) ______ to put on pounds are more likely to continue getting heavier, increasing their risk for a number of diseases.
So why is BMI still being used, if it’s not (49) ______? For now, it’s the best and easiest way for physicians to measure a person’s healthy weight while taking into account his or her general body (50) ______. DEXA scans are far too expensive to be used as a (51) ______ measure during doctor’s visits. BMI isn’t perfect, but many experts say it’s the best they have.
Still, as results like Braverman’s continue to (52) ______, it may be time to consider other ways of tracking weight, and (53) ______, body fat. “It’s important to point out the (54) ______ of the BMI,” Dr.Richard Bergman, director of Cedars Sinai’s Obesity and Diabetes Research Institute in Los Angeles said. “It’s a poor measure of (55) ______, and we do need better measures.”
41、A. predicts 42、A. compare 43、A. closer 44、A. important 45、A. for example 46、A. arises from 47、A. views 48、A. decide 49、A. right 50、A. structure 51、A. special 52、A. fill in 53、A. in particular 54、A. mistakes 55、A. health
B. underestimates B. recognize B. related B. imperfect B. in contrast B. owes to B. orders B. start B. recognizable B. well-being B. routine B. run out B. on occasion B. failure B. body
C. increases
C. identify C. devoted C. incredible C. in addition C. leads to C. instruction C. hope C. popular C. function C. scientific C. go down C. after all C. inferiority C. fatness
D. reduces D. distinguish D. key
D. uncertain D. without doubt D. goes through D. focus D. fear D. precise D. weight D. decisive D. build up D. in all D. weakness D. diseases
【答案】B D A B A C C B D A B D A D C 【分析】
41、联系前后文，关键“ our weight problem may be worse than we thought”。说明BMI指数的测量方式低估了一些肥胖人士。A预测；C增加；D减少。
42、根据后半句，意思是DEXA扫描方式可用以测量骨骼密度，精细地区分骨骼、脂肪和肌肉的各自质量。A比较；B 认出，识别；C认出，鉴定。
43、联系下文。指用其他方式测量后，肥胖人数会增加，接近至60%。B有关；C致力于，奉献；D关键，钥匙，答案。
44、根据后文，关键“complain”。指医生一直都在抱怨BMI是有缺陷的测量方式。A 重要的；C难以置信的；D不确定的。
45、对BMI的缺陷进行列举，特别是对于肌肉型人士。B与...形成对比；C另外；D 不假思索，毫无疑问。
46、指过度肥胖会导致健康问题。A升起，出现；B归因于；D经历（苦难等）。 47、联系下文，指给予如何改善自身健康的指导。A观点；B指令；D焦点。
48、根据句子意思判断，意为那些开始增重的人更可能会持续肥胖下去，增加他们患疾病的风险。
49、联系前文。指如果BMI不精确，那么为什么仍旧会使用它呢？A正确的；B可识别的；C流行的。
50、指将一个人总体的身体体型考虑在体重的健康测量中。B幸福；C 功能；D体重。 51、根据句子意思，意为如果DEXA作为医生的日常就诊进行测量的话，过于昂贵了。A特别的；C科学的；D决定性的，果断的。
52、指类似于Braverman所得出的结论不断涌现出来。A填充；B用完；C下降。 53、联系上下文，指应该有更好的方式去监测体重，特别是人体脂肪含量的测量。B有时；C毕竟；D总共。
54、指重要的是，我们应该指出BMI的缺陷不足。A错误；B失败；C劣势，下等。 55、A健康；B身体；D疾病。总结性语句，指BMI是有缺陷的测量方式。AB两个选项过于笼统，未突出BMI受到质疑主要是由于它对于人体脂肪的测量不够精确这个缺陷。 Section B(22分)
Directions: Read the following three passage. E ach passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
While a female politician or first lady can use her clothing to create a favorable public image, male politicians don’t have as many fashion choices to play with. But Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau seems to have discovered a goldmine – his socks.
He’s been seen wearing “statement socks” at many public events. For example, during a NATO(北大西洋公约组织) meeting in Brussels in May, Trudeau wore one blue sock and one pink, both with the NATO symbol printed on them. And in June, he wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves – a national symbol of Canada – when he appeared on a TV show.
The New York Times’ editor Vanessa Friedman praised Trudeau’s play on his socks as “clever”.
“Socks are subtle(微妙的) enough not to be distracting, but visible enough that you can’t miss the point,” she wrote. “Rarely have a man’s ankles said so much.”
But not all the playful socks that Trudeau wears send some kind of political message – some of them are just for fun.
上海市六校2018届高三12月联考英语试题
