商务英语复习资料

Unit One

贸易集团 进口额度

合作生产和分配共享 全球性的重新定位 从事国际商务 保险公司

提供便利交通 形成全球网络（联网） 国际投资

Ⅰ.英译汉： 1. trading bloc 2. import share

3. production and distribution sharing 4. global reorientation

5. conduct international business 6. insurance company

7. provide for efficient transportation 8. forge a network of global linkages 9. international investment Ⅱ.汉译英

1. 贸易惯例 2. 石油危机 3. 市场份额 4. 完成交易

5. 以市场为基础的商业交易 6. 跨国公司 7. 国际贸易量 8. 主要经济大国 9. 提高生活水平 10. 股票市场 11. 年销售额

12. 国内生产总值

10.use and acceptance of the common coinage 采用和接纳同一货币制度 business practice oil shock market share

carry out transaction

market based business transaction multinational corporation volume of international trade major economic powers

improve the standards of living stock market annual sales

gross domestic product

Unit Two

Ⅰ.英译汉

世界贸易格局 大件货1.patterns of world trade

物或易腐烂商品 自然资2.bulky or perishable goods

源的主要消费者 3.a heavy consumer of natural resources

4.an elite group of merchants and entrepreneurs 商业和企业家的精英群体

立法禁止采矿 5.outlaw strip mining of coal

抵制外国在某国工业方面的投资 6.resist foreign investment in one's industry 采取措施限制石油消费 7.undertake steps to limit oil consumption

8.impose tariffs and quotas on imported items 采取对进口商品征收关税和实行配额

国际铝矿协会 9.International Bauxite Association (IBA)

10.Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)石油输出国组织

Ⅱ.汉译英

1.初级产品 2.价格下跌 3.劳动成本

4.生产国和消费国 5.粮食主要出口商 6.国际收支 7.第三方 8.批量生产

9.比较成本理论 10.金属含量 11.期货交割

12.商品期货交易 13.采取保护主义措施 14.消费国

15.运输费用

16.减缓对石油的依赖 17.炸糖加工设备 18.外汇 Ⅲ.短文翻译

primary commodities price drop labor costs

producing and consuming nations dominant exporters of grains balance of payments a third party mass-produce

theory of comparative advantage metal content futures delivery

commodity futures trading take protectionist measures consuming countries transportation expenses

lessen one’s dependence on oil sugar processing facilities foreign exchange

The theory of international trade has changed drastically from that first put forward by Adam Smith. The classical theories of Adam Smith and David Ricardo focused on the abilities of countries to produce goods more cheaply than other countries. The earliest production and trade theories saw labor as the major factor expense that went into any product. If a country could pay that labor less, and if that labor could produce more physically than labor in other countries, the country might obtain an absolute or comparative advantage in trade.

国际贸易理论自从亚当史密斯第一次提出后就发生了很大的变化。亚当和 大卫的传统理论强调了国家所具有的比其他国家便宜生产商品的能力，最早的 生产贸易理论把劳动力视为获得产品的主要支出因素。如果某个国家可以支付 较少的劳动力费用。同时在体力劳动中比其他国家生产的多的话，这个国家就 可能在贸易当中获得绝对和相对的优势。

Subsequent theoretical development led to a more detailed understanding of production and its costs. Factors of production are now believed to include labor (skilled and unskilled), capital, natural resources, and other potentially significant commodities that are difficult to reproduce or replace, such as energy. Technology, once assumed to be the same across all countries, is now seen as one of the premier driving forces in determining who holds the competitive edge or advantage. International trade is now seen as a complex combination of thousands of products, technologies, and firms that are constantly innovating to keep up with or get ahead of the competition.

Modern trade theory has looked beyond production cost to analyze how the

demands of the marketplace alter who trades with whom and which firms survive domestically and internationally. The abilities of firms to adapt to foreign markets, both in the demands and the competitors that form the foreign markets, have required much of international trade and investment theory to search out new and innovative approaches to what determines success and failure.

Finally, as world economies grew and the magnitude of world trade increased, the simplistic ideals that guided international trade and investment theory have had to grow with them. The choices that many firms face today require them to directly move their capital, technology, and know-how to countries that possess other unique factors or market advantages that will help the firm keep pace with market demands.

Unit Three

Ⅰ.英译汉

1.corporation bond 2.close column 3.cross deal

4.enter into a contract

5.foreign exchange community 6.two sets of quotations 7.post savings certificate 8.in a written legal form

9.an unwritten code of conduct

10.handle sth. in an informal manner 11.the bank nominated by the purchaser 12.apply the indirect quotation system 13.make payment upon delivery

14.International Monetary Market (IMM)

公司债券 收盘汇率栏 套汇交易 签订合同 外汇界 两组标价

邮政储蓄凭证 用书面的法律形式 为成文行为准则 用非正规方式处理某事 买方指定的银行 采用间接标价法 交货付款 国际货币市场

Ⅱ.汉译英

1.短期国库券 2.外汇交易日 3.外汇汇率 4 货币主管当局 5.签定合同 6.套汇汇率 7.政府债券 8.起息日 9.电汇汇率

10.立即交货 11.直接标价法 12.期货市场

treasury bill

foreign exchange dealers foreign exchange rate monetary authorities make a contract cross rate

governmental bond value date

telegraphic transfer rate immediate delivery direct quotation system futures market

13.波动汇率 14.外国证券 fluctuate exchange rate foreign security

Ⅲ.短文翻译

The exchange of currency is necessary for international trade and commerce. The purpose of exchange rate systems is to provide a free and liquid market for the world's currencies while providing some degree of stability and predictability to currency values. The modern history of the international monetary system has seen periods of success and failure in the accomplishments of this purpose.

The gold standard, which was in wide use during the early years of the twentieth century, was a highly restrictive system. The ability to convert currency to gold imposed restrictions on the ability of countries to run inflationary monetary policies or conduct imbalanced trade for substantial periods of time. But the gold standard was also inflexible, and many have argued that it slowed economic growth unduly by limiting the amount of money that could be put into growing economies.

The Bretton Woods Agreement signed in 1944, in anticipation of the reconstruction of the world economy after World War ??, was an international monetary system in which the U.S. dollars was the centerpiece and literally \ gold\Although it worked well for 25 years, it saw its natural decline as the world economy changed and world currency markets needed to change with it. The result, the floating exchange rate system in use today, reflects the dominance of market economies, market forces, and the growth in international commerce. Two of the most influential multilateral institutions in operation today, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, arose from the Bretton Woods Agreement.

国际贸易需要货币兑换。汇率体制目的是在为世界的各种货币提供自由流 动的市场。同时在某种程度上使货币值具有稳定性和可预测性。从国际货币体 制的近代史中可以看到实现此目的所经历了很多的成功和失败。

在 20 世纪早期，广泛的使用黄金的标准是一种具有很多限制的体系，能否 把货币转换为黄金，它制约了国家长期实行限制通货膨胀的货币政策和处理失 衡的贸易能力，但黄金标准也缺乏灵活性。许多人认为它减慢了经济发展投资 的金额，以致于极大地延缓了经济的增长。

布雷顿森林协议是在 1944 年签署的。它的目的是在第二次世界大战后重建 经济，此协议是一种国际货币体系，在这个体系当中，它重点强调了美元和黄 金一样坚挺的作用.虽然布雷顿森林个协议在过去的 25 年中发挥了很好的作用。 但它的作用在下滑，因为世界经济发生变化，世界经济市场也要随之改变。结 果浮动汇率的体系今天已被采用，它反映了市场经济的市场力和国际贸易增长 的主导地位。当今具有影响力的两个国际多边机构，国际货币基金组织和世界 银行，它们都是从布雷顿森林协议中提出的。

Unit Four

Ⅰ.英译汉

1. accelerated depreciation 2. Research subsidy

加速折旧 科研津贴

外国有价证券投资 3. Foreign portfolio on loans

战略性目标 4. Strategic objective

不同地区的销售部 5. Various regional sales offices

分担资本支出和专有技术 6. share capital outlay and \

与经销商续签合同 7. Renew the contract with the distributors

因卖出产品而获得佣金 8. Receive a commission on products sold

打入外国市场 9. Foreign market entry

达到可能的最高的生产效益 10. Achieve the highest possible efficiency 11.

最大限度或得投资收益 Obtain the maximum return on investment

12. Be authorized to manufacture the product under license 授权凭许可证生产产品 13. Make an acquisition of an existing manufacturing plant 收购现存的加工厂 14. Acquire part or all of the equity of an existing foreign company

购买外国现有公司的全部或部分的股份

15. International Telephone and Telegraph 国际电话电报公司

Ⅱ.汉译英

1.经济一体化 2.劳动权利法 3.资本流通性 4.投资鼓励措施 5.采取战略性方针 6.投资预期收益

7.投标一亿九千万美元 8.得到专利使用费 9.授予国外经销权 10.现金流量预测 11.培训津贴 12.收益率

13.许可证贸易的缺点 14.集中各种资源 15.不同合作者

economic integration night-to-work law mobility of capital investment incentive take a strategic approach

expected return on an investment make a ＄190 million bid receive royalty payments authorize foreign distribution cash flow projection training allowance rate of return

drawback of licensing pool all one’s resources respective partner

Ⅲ.短文翻译

A joint venture can be defined as the participation of two or more companies in an enterprise in which each party contributes assets, owns the entity to some degree and shares risk. (The venture is also considered long term.) The reason for establishing a joint venture can be divided into three groups:(1)government suasion or legislation, (2)one partner's needs of other partners' skills, and (3) one partner's needs for other partners' attributes or assets. Equality of the partners has the majority of ventures; each partner’s contributions--typically consisting of funds, technology, plant, or labor--also vary.

The key to a joint venture is the sharing of a common business objective, which makes the arrangement more than a customer-vendor relationship but less than an outright acquisition. The partners rationales for entering into the arrangement may