蜗轮蜗杆减速器设计
摘 要
通过对减速器的简单了解,开始学习设计齿轮减速器,尝试设计增强感性认知和对社会的适应能力,及进一步巩固已学过的理论知识,提高综合运用所学知识发现问
题、解决问题,以求把理论和实践结合一起,为以后的工作和更好的学习积累经验。 学习如何进行机械设计,了解机械传动装置的原理及参数搭配。学习运用多种工具,比如CAD等,直观的呈现在平面图上。通过对圆柱齿轮减速器的设计,对齿轮减速器有个简单的了解与认知。齿轮减速器是机械传动装置中不可缺少的一部分。机械传动装置在不断的使用过程中,会不同程度的磨损,因此要经常对机械予以维护和保养,延长其使用寿命,高效化的运行,提高生产的效率,降低生产的成本,获得最大的使用效率。
关键词:机械传动装置、齿轮减速器、设计原理与参数配置
In?this?paper
Through?the?simple?understanding?of?the?speed?reducer,?started?learning?design?of?gear?reducer,?attempt?to?design?enhance?the?perceptual?cognition?and?ability?to?adapt?to?society,?and?further?consolidate?the?learned?theory?knowledge,?to?improve?the?integrated?use?of?knowledge?discovery?and?solve?problems,?in?order?to?combine?theory?and?practice?together,?for?the?later?work?and?better?learning?experience.
Learn?how?to?do?mechanical?design,?to?understand?the?principle?of?mechanical?transmission?device?and?parameter?collocation.?Study?using?a?variety?of?tools,?such?as?CAD,?intuitive?present?on?the?floor?plan.?Through?the?design?of?cylindrical?gear?reducer,?gear?reducer?is?a?simple?understanding?and?cognition.?Gear?reducer?is?an?indispensable?part?of?in?mechanical?transmission?device.?Mechanical?transmission?device?in?use?process,?will?be?different?degree?of?wear?and?tear,?so?often?to?mechanical?maintenance?and?maintenance,?prolong?the?service?life?and?highly?effective?operation,?improve?production?efficiency,?reduce?the?cost?of?production,?achieve?maximum?efficiency.
Keywords:?mechanical?transmission?gear,?gear?reducer,?the?design?principle?and?parameter?configuration
目 录
摘要 ............................................................................ I In this paper .................................................................. II 1.电机选择 ........................................................................ 1 2.选择传动比 ...................................................................... 2
总传动比 ....................................................................... 2 减速装置的传动比分配................................................................ 2 3.各轴的参数 ...................................................................... 2 各轴的转速 ......................................................................... 2 各轴的输入功率 ..................................................................... 3 各轴的输出功率 ..................................................................... 3 各轴的输入转矩 ..................................................................... 3 各轴的输出转矩 ..................................................................... 3 各轴的运动参数表 ................................................................... 4 4.蜗轮蜗杆的选择 ................................................................... 4 选择蜗轮蜗杆的传动类型.............................................................. 4 选择材料 ........................................................................... 4 按计齿面接触疲劳强度计算进行设 ...................................................... 4 蜗杆与蜗轮的主要参数与几何尺寸 ...................................................... 6 校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度................................................................ 7 验算效率 ........................................................................... 7 精度等级公差和表面粗糙度的确定 ...................................................... 8 5.圆柱齿轮的设计 .................................................................. 8 材料选择 ........................................................................... 8 按齿面接触强度计算设计.............................................................. 8 计算 ............................................................................... 9 按齿根弯曲强度计算设计............................................................. 10 取几何尺寸计算 .................................................................... 11 6. 轴的设计计算 .................................................................. 12 蜗杆轴 ............................................................................ 12
按扭矩初算轴径 ................................................................. 12 蜗杆的结构设计 ................................................................. 12 蜗轮轴 ............................................................................ 13 输出轴的设计计算................................................................ 13 轴的结构设计 ................................................................... 14 蜗杆轴的校核 ...................................................................... 15
求轴上的载荷................................................................ 15 精度校核轴的疲劳强度 ............................................................ 17 蜗轮轴的强度校核 .................................................................. 20 精度校核轴的疲劳强度 ............................................................ 22 精度校核轴的疲劳强度 ............................................................ 22 7.滚动轴承的选择及校核计算 ......................................................... 25 蜗杆轴上的轴承的选择和寿命计算 ..................................................... 25 蜗杆轴上轴承的选择计算............................................................. 27 8.键连接的选择及校核计算........................................................... 30 输入轴与电动机轴采用平键连接 ....................................................... 30 输出轴与联轴器连接采用平键连接 ..................................................... 30 输出轴与蜗轮连接用平键连接 ......................................................... 31 9.联轴器的选择计算................................................................ 31 与电机输出轴的配合的联轴器 ......................................................... 31 与二级齿轮降速齿轮轴配合的联轴器 ................................................... 32 10.润滑和密封说明 ................................................................. 32 润滑说明 .......................................................................... 32 密封说明 .......................................................................... 33 11.拆装和调整的说明............................................................... 33 12.减速箱体的附件说明............................................................. 33 13.设计小结 ....................................................................... 33 14.参考文献 ...................................................................... 34
1.电机选择
工作机所需输入功率
17?1000?8Pw?Fv1000??60?2.34kww1000?0.97
所需电动机的输出功率pd
Pd?Pw??3.54kw
a传递装置总效率
?a??21?2?43?4?5 式中:
?1:蜗杆的传动效率
?2:每对轴承的传动效率
?3:直齿圆柱齿轮的传动效率
?4:联轴器的效率
?5:卷筒的传动效率
所以 n4a?0.75?0.98?0.97?0.992?0.6577
P2.34d?0.6577?3.5578kw
故选电动机的额定功率为4kw
8n?v?1000?60卷?D?603.14?330?1000?60?7.72rmin
n卷?i蜗i齿n卷?(35)?(740)?7.72?(162.121544)rmin 符合这一要求的同步转速有750r/min , 1000r/min , 1500r/min电机容量的选择比较:
pw?2.34kw
pd?3.54kw
?a?0.6577
n卷?7.72r/min