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浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题 课程代码：00830
一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)
1.______ is NOT a design feature of human language. ( ) A. Cultural transmission B. Displacement C. Duality of structure D. Prescriptivism
2. Vibration of the vocal cords results in ______. ( ) A. aspiration B.nasality C. obstruction D. voicing
3. The word “simplifications” has ______ morphemes in it. ( ) A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
4. “ We vowed to fight on until all our demands were met” is a sentence. ( ) A. coordinate B. complex C. compound D.simple
5. The relationship between “fruit” and “apple” is ______. ( ) A. homonymy B. hyponymy C. polysemy D. synonymy
6. “Interviewer” and “ interviewee” are a pair of ______ opposites. ( ) A. complementary B. gradable C. complete D. relational 7. The maxim of ______ requires that a participant's contr ibution be relevant to the conversation. ( )
A. quantity B. quality C. relation D. manner
8. The regular consonant changes found among cognates in the Germanic languages were known as ______Law. ( )
A. Bopp's B. Grimm's C. Jones' D. Rask's
9. When a ______ comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language and children learn it as their first language, it becomes . ( ) A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin... creole
C. regional dialect...lingua franca D. lingua franca...regional dialect
10. A child who knows the general plural form may apply the rule to irregular nouns and produce “foots”. This is called ______. ( ) A. assimilation B. transfer
C. overgeneralization D. underextension
二、填空题(在下列空格中填上以给出字母开始的恰当的单词。每空1分，共16分)
1. In F. de Saussure's dichotomy, l______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; p is its realization in actual use. 2. Language is a system of a______ vocal symbols for human communication.
3. M______ studies how words are formed, while s studies how words are combined to form sentences.
4. In the study of meaning, s______ is only concerned with relations between linguistic elements; r______ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and nonlinguistic world of experience.
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5. Conversational i______ may arise as a result of a speaker's violation of the cooperational principle.
6. S______ are varieties of languages used by people belonging to particular social classes; e______ dialect is spoken mainly by a less privileged social class; i______ is a personal dialect. 7. In the second language acquisition, there is supposed to be a c period, which lasts from age two to puberty.
8. The localization of cognitive and perceptual function in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l______.
9. A learner has i______ motivation when he learns a second language in order to use it functionally, while i______ motivation occurs when the learner's goal is social.
10. I______ is an approximate language system that a second language learner constructs, which represents the learner's transitional competence in the target language. 三、判断改错题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内打“T”，错的打“F”，并改正。每小题2分，共20分。)
1. Synchronic study describes language as it changes through time. ( ) 2. Monosyllabic words can also have word stress. ( ) 3. All affixes are bound morphemes. ( )
4. “He saw a child” entails “He saw a girl”. ( )
5. In pragmatics, utterance meaning is concrete and contextindependent .( ) 6. Only sociological factors contribute to language change. ( ) 7. The word UN is an abbreviation, while TV is an acronym. ( ) 8. Euphemisms may serve as substitutes for taboo words. ( )
9. The strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that language determine thought. ( )
10. Interference from one's first language may occur at all levels of grammar. ( ) 四、名词解释(并至少举一例加以说明。每小题4分，共24分) 1. derivational morpheme 2. stylistic synonyms 3. illocutionary act 4. blending
5. standard language 6. telegraphic speech
五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）
1.Tell the difference between phone, phoneme and allophone.
2.For each of the following two sentences, draw a tree diagram of its underlying structure that will reveal the difference in the relationship between John and please. 1)John is eager to please. 2)John is easy to please .
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浙江1月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题及答案解析
