名词解释
1．Romance: a long composition, in verse or in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, especially for the knight. The most popular theme employed was the legend of King Arthur and the round table knight.
2． Ballad: a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.
3．Heroic Couplet: a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter, and written in an elevated style.
4．Renaissance: a revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It has two features: a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.
5．Sonnet: 14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. 6．Blank verse: poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
7．Enlightenment: a revival of interest in the old classical works, logic, order, restrained emotion and accuracy.
8．Neoclassicism: the Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Roman works. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism.
9．Sentimentalism: it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18th century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions, and presented a new view of human nature which prized feeling over thinking, passion over reason.
10．Romanticism: imagination, emotion and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature.
11．Lake Poets: the English poets who lived in and drew inspiration from the Lake District at the beginning of the 19th century.
12．Byronic Heroes: a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character( enthusiasm, persistence, pursuing freedom), named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron.
13．Realism: seeks to portray familiar characters, situations, and settings in a realistic manner. This is done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.
14．Aestheticism: an art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts.
15．Stream-of-Consciousness: it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification by the author. It is a narrative mode. 16．Dramatic Monologue: a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.
17．Iambic Pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb.
18．Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.
19．Elegy: a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of lyric poem. 20．Canto: a section of a long poem. The cantos can be a great poem
21．Ode: a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subjects. Odes are written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.
22．Song: a short poem with distinct musical qualities, normally written to be set to music. 23．Lyric: a poem, usually a short one, that expresses a speaker's personal thoughts or feelings. The elegy, song and ode are all forms of lyrics.
24．Spenserian Stanza: a nine-line stanza made up of 8 lines of iambic pentameter ending with an Alexandrine. Its thyme scheme is ababbcbcc. This stanza was common to travel literature. 25．Metrical Pattern: a lyric poem of five 14-lined stanzas containing four tercets and a closing couplet. The rhyme scheme is aba bcb cdc ded ee.
文学史
浪漫主义时期1798-1832
1.William Wordsworth: the Lake Poets; The Prelude《序曲》；I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud《我似流云天自游》；The Solitary Reaper《孤寂的割麦女》；features: poet of nature and human heart 2.Samuel Taylor Coleridge: the first critic of the Romantic school; The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》
3.George Gordon Byron: vigorous, strong and beautiful; Childe Harold's Pilgrimage《恰尔德 哈罗尔德游记》(spenserian stanza, fights for liberty); Don Juan《唐 璜》(a broad critical picture of European life); When We Two Parted《昔日依依别》；She Walks in Beauty《她走在美的光影中》；The Isles of Greece《哀希腊》
4.Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》-赞颂西风，希望与其紧密相连; Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》(the victory for man's struggle against tyranny and oppression)
5.John Keats: sensuous, colorful and rich in imagery; Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》；Ode on a Grecian Urn《希腊古瓮颂》
6.Walter Scott: Father of Historical Novel; combine historical fact and romantic imagination 7.Jane Austen: wit, dry humour, subtle irony,realistic; Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》(Elizabeth and Darcy)；Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》；Emma《爱玛》
8.Charles Lamb: Poor Relations《穷亲戚》; Dream-children《童年梦幻》; A Reverie《幻想曲》
维多利亚时期
1.summit： realistic novel
2.Charles Dickens: critical realist writer; humour, wit, happy endings; A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》(London & Paris, where there is oppression, there is revolution); David Copperfield《大卫 科波菲尔》；Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》；Hard Time《艰难时世》；Great Expectations《远大前程》； Dombey and Son《董贝父子》；Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》
3.William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair《名利场》(to satirize the social more, decadence and corruption of his time; to criticize the values measured by wealth)
4.George Eliot: novelist, her novels are celebrated for their realism and psychological insights; Adam Bede《亚当 比德》(social inequality)；The Mill on the Floss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》； Silas Marner《织工马南》
5.Alfred Tennyson: succeeded Wordsworth as Poet Laureate in 1850; Break, Break, Break《拍吧，
拍吧，拍吧》；Crossing the Bar《过沙洲》
6.Robert Browning: dramatic monologues; My Last Duchess《我已故的公爵夫人》 7.The Bronte Sisters: Charlotte: Jane Eyre《简爱》：简·爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性，她生活在社会底层，受尽磨难。但她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描写，引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历，歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见。扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情，具有强烈的震撼心灵的艺术力量。其最为成功之处在于塑造了一个敢于反抗，敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。 Emily: Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》：描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后，因受辱和恋爱不遂，外出致富，回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。
Anne: Agnes Gray《安格尼斯 格雷》
20世纪英国文学
1.Thomas Hardy: feature:past and modern, critical, realism, determinism; Tess of The D'urbervillles《德伯家的苔丝》；Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》 2.John Galsworthy: From the Four Winds《四季的风》；The Man of Property《有产业的人》；The Silver Box《银盒》
3.George Bernard Shaw: structurally and thematically, vividly; Mrs Warren's Profession《华伦夫人的职业》；Pygmalion《皮革马利翁》(transform a cockney-speaking flower girl into a woman as poised and well-spoken as a duchess); The Apple Cart《苹果车》
4.Oscar Wilde: aestheticism; The Happy Prince and Other Tales《快乐王子》；The Picture of Dorian Gray《道林 格雷的画像》
5.D.H. Lawrence: first introduce themes of psychology into his works; Sons and Lovers《儿子和情人》； The White Peacock《白孔雀》
6.Virginia Woolf: stream-of- consciousness; feminist; To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》；Mrs Dalloway《达洛维夫人》
7.James Joyce: Ulysses《尤利西斯》(stream of consciousness, a modern prose epic); Dubliners《都柏林人》
111英国文学史-名词解释
