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vary from…to… 由……到……不等 guarantee vt. 保证;担保
【重点句型】
1. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.
我睡得正酣,正在这时我的床开始晃动,我听到一种奇怪的声音,就像一列火车正从我窗外驶过。
2. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆,我是第一次经历这样的事,所以留在山顶上观察他们。
句中的this being my first experience为独立主格结构。
3. It's said that... 表示“据说......”,可以替换为“Sb is said to...”,其中的不定式可以有多种形式(一般时、完成时、被动语态)。
It is said that another typhoon will come soon.= Another typhoon is said to come soon. 据说又要来台风了
It is said that his father-in-law has been infected with AIDS.= His father-in-law is said to have been infected with AIDS. 据说他岳父感染了艾滋病。
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【语法总结】动词ing形式(包括动名词和现在分词两种形式)
动名词
动词的ing形式如果是名词,这种形式叫做动名词。动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
一. 动名词的四种形式及其意义
①基本形式:doing (表示主动) ②被动式:being done(表示被动) ③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)
④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)
例如:
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.
Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you. 我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。
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Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop. 很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。
二. 动名词的语法功能
动名词在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
Learning English is very difficult .(作主语) 学英语非常困难。
I enjoy dancing.(作动词宾语) 我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.(作介词宾语) 我已经习惯了住农村。
His job is driving a bus.(作表语) 他的工作是开车。
The washing mashine woks well.(作定语) 这台洗衣机非常好用。
三. 注意事项
1. 只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词
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practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
2. 既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做) regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)
try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 计划做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
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go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
3. it 做形式主语,动名词做真正主语位于句末的重要句型
It is no use/not any use/hardly any use/useless doing It is no good / not much good doing It is no worthwhile doing It is a waste of time doing
现在分词
一. 现在分词的四种形式及其意义
①基本形式:doing (表示主动和进行) ②被动式:being done(表示被动和进行) ③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)
④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)
He sat there,reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。
人教出版高级中学英语知识学习进修6重要资料词汇资料,短语,句型,语法全套汇编
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