一轮复习 语法—特殊句式 班级 姓名 小组 . 【学习目标】 1．学生能记住特殊句式的应用原则和种类； 2．学生能正确翻译含有特殊句式的句子； 3．学生能记住特殊句式的常见考点； 4．学生能在具体语境中正确使用特殊句式。 【重点难点】 重点：记住倒装句、省略句、强调句的一般用法和特殊用法；。 难点：在具体语境中正确使用倒装句、省略句、强调句。 【导学流程】 （一）倒装句 英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。如果把谓语动词放在主语之前，就称为倒装结构；如果谓语全部放在主语之前，就称为完全倒装；如果只把助动词、be动词或情态动词放在主语之前，就称为部分倒装。 A． 完全倒装 1. 以here, there, now, then开头，谓语动词是be, come, go, follow 等词，主语为名词。 例：Now comes your turn to answer the questions. 2. 以up, down, out, in, away, off 等表示移动方向的副词开头的句子, 谓语通常为go, come, rush, fly, fall 等不及物动词，主语为名词。 例：Out rushed the boy. 【注意】 以上两种句型中，若主语是代词，即使here, there, now, then, up, down, out, in, away, off 等放在句首，也不用倒装。 例：Out he rushed. Here you are! 3. 表示地点的介词短语或副词 (短语如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等) 位于句首，谓语是不及物动词，主语是名词。 例：Between the two buildings stands a tall tree. East of the city lies a big river. 4. 表语位于句首，构成 “形容词 / 现在分词 / 过去分词+连系动词+主语” 结构。 例：Present at the meeting were Professor Smith and many other guests. 5. 代词such作表语，位于句首时。 例：Such are the facts: no one can deny (拒绝) them. 6. 保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密时。 例：Inside the pyramids (金字塔) are the rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. B． 部分倒装 1. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 例：Only in this way can we learn English well. Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 【注意】（1）only在句首修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装，主句需部分倒装。 （2）only在句首修饰主语时，句子不倒装。 例：Only Senior 3 students are allowed to enter this reading room. 2. never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until,not,in no case 等表示否定意义的副词或短语位 于句首。 例：Hardly had we arrived home when it began to rain. Not until he took off his dark glasses did I recognize him. 3.表示前句所说的某种情况也适合于另外的人或物，用“so/neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”。 例：He is a teacher. So am I. 【注意】（1）“so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”是对前面内容的肯定或附和。 例： --- It is a fine day today. --- So it is. （2）若前句情况较复杂，既有否定又有肯定，或既有be动词又有助动词，则用 “So it is with sb./sth.” 或 “It is the same with sb./sth.” 结构。 例：Tom is a student and he studies hard. So it is with his sister. 4. not only…but also…连接并列的句子，且not only放在句首时，前句倒装，后句不倒装。 例：Not only does he know English well, but also he speaks fluent French. 5. neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后两句都倒装。 例：Neither will he settle in America nor will he allow his children to do so. 6. so…that…; such…that…中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前句倒装，后句不倒装。 例：So angry was the father that he could not say a word. （因为谓语动词只有一个be动词，因此be放在主语之前，形成全部倒装。） So fast did time fly that half a year had gone by before I knew it. 7.as引导的让步状语从句中，表语(名词、形容词)、状语(副词)、动词原形位于句首，主语和谓语语序不变。表语是可数名词单数时，冠词省略。 例：Try as I would, I couldn’t make him change the plan. 8.当if虚拟条件句中谓语部分含有were,should或助动词had时，可以省略if，把were,should或had放到句首，形成部分倒装。 例：Were it to rain tomorrow, we would not go sightseeing. 9. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。 例：Often have we made that test. 10. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里
例：May you succeed! （二）省略句 A.状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构:
连词+形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式
Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to. 首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时,他们会感到是被迫的。 Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 当孩子们有父母陪伴的时候，他们是被允许进人体育馆的。 B.不定式的省略
1.在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复,可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留不定式符号to。否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been,通常保留这些词。
The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. 这个司机想把车停靠在路边，但警察叫他别那样做。
2.感官动词(see, look, notice, watch, observe, listen, hear, feel等)和使役动词(make, have, let等)后带不定式作宾补时要省略to;但不定式在被动语态中作主语补足语时不省略to。
He often makes his sister do the housework for him.= His sister is often made to do the housework for him.他经常让他妹妹替他做家务。
3. but用作介词,意为“....之外”时,前面有实义动词do,后接不定式时要省略to;但前面没有实义动词do时,后接的不定式不省略to。
①I couldn't do anything but just sit there and wait.除了坐等之外,我毫无办法。 ②We had no choice but to study hard.除了努力学习外,我们别无选择。 4.help后接不定式作宾语或宾补时，可省略to,也可不省略。
He helped the old man (to) cross the street safely.他帮助那位老人安全地穿过了街道。 C．定语从句中的省略现象
限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom常可以省略。 That is the book that/which I wanted to read.那就是我想读的那本书。 D．用so或not等替代上文的内容
当由I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语时，后面的so与not分别表示肯定和否定,宾语从句可省略。
Maybe I will be proven wrong ,but I hope so/not.也许我会被证明是错的,但我希望如此/不是那样。
（三）强调句 陈述句式:It is/was ... that/who ... 一般疑问句:Is/Was+it+ ... that/who ... ? 强调句 特殊疑问句:疑问词+ is/was+it+ that ... ? “not ... until ...”的强调句: It is/was not until ... that ... (注意时态) 强调谓语动词 do/does/did+动词原形(只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时) It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 是我们快要回家的时候,我才意识到了帮助有困难的人的感觉多么美妙! She did tell me about her address , but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址,但我全忘了。 活学活用 1.你为什么昨天没有来? (why was it that) __ _ 2.深受学生欢迎的老师进来了，课堂开始了。 __ ____ 3.你在别的地方找不到这么好的学校。 ( nowhere else, find) __ ____ 4.我刚一到家，就突然想到我把我的钢笔忘在你家了。(no sooner .... than, it occurred to me that) __ ____ 5.尽管面临着很多问题,但他们没有失去信心。 (although, lose heart) ___ ___ 答案1. Why was it that you didn't come yesterday? 2. In came the teacher who is popular with us and the class began. 3. Nowhere else can you find such a good school. 4. No sooner had I got home than it occurred to me that that I had left my pen at your home. 5. Although faced with many problems, they didn't lose heart.
高三英语一轮复习语法--特殊句式
