初中三大从句的重考点: ....
宾语从句:在句子里充当宾语,包括 动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句,还
有形容词的宾语从句
典型例句:
I don’t know if she will come. ------做动词的宾语从句,构成动宾结构
I am pleased with what she has done for me.-------这里,做的是介词的宾语从句,构成介宾结构
I am sure that she will come.-------做形容词的宾语从句,构成形容词+宾语从句(sure,sorry,glad等都可以接宾语从句)
引导词的注意事项:
1. 只能用whether,不能用if的情况:如果句末有or not,必须用whether,不用if,一般情况下if和whether是通用的
2.引导词that不能省略的情况:出现两个或以上宾语从句并列的情况,第一个从句的that可以省略,后面的都不可以省略
eg. He said (that)he had finished his homework and that he would help clean the floor. 第一个that引导词可以省略,后面要保留
3.宾语从句时态(重点):宾语从句时态遵从:主现从不限,但是,主过从必过
4. 宾语从句的否定转移现象 主语的人称是第一人称:I / We,谓语动词是“想,认为”等近义词,如 think,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,believe等,如果表示否定意义,就要把从句的否定转移到主句上来
例句:I don’t think I can play the piano well.
在反义疑问句里面,需要和从句一致,前否后肯,所以,I don’t think I can play the piano well, can I?
状语从句:在句子里充当状语
1.主要的连接词有: when while as soon as not only..but also if as if/though even if/even though
2.主要需要注意的是,当用if unless as long as once 等引导条件状语从句时, 主句一般将来,状语从句需要用一般现在时 主句过去将来,状语从句需要用一般过去时
例句:We will go to picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
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定语从句:在句子里做定语的成分,修饰名词,代词,或者整个句子,作用相
当于形容词,又叫形容词从句。
1. 定语从句的关系词分为:关系代词,如,who whom that which whose 关系副词,如,when where why 关系词的作用是,代替先行词在定语从句里的成分 ......................
eg. The man who has an umbrella is my uncle.
请划分一下以上这个例句的成分,找出定语从句,以及关系词在句子中充当的成分。
定语从句注意事项:
1. 只能用that不能用which的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词或者有不定代词等修饰时,如,everything anything nothing few little some little
eg. Have you written down anything that Mr. Li said?
这里因为有不定代词everything,所以用that,不用which
(2)先行词有序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时,
The first thing that I want to do is to do my homework. 需要用that,不能用which
I have found the best way that can solve the problem. 这里有 the best,最高级,所以用that,不用which
(3)先行词指人也指物的时候
I take pictures of the things and people that I am interested in. 先行词指人也指物,用that
(4)先行词被the only, the last, the very 修饰时,用that,不用which
2. 只用which,不用that的情况 (1)非限定性定语从句
eg. Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
3. 定语从句的主谓一致
先行词是单数,定语从句的谓语也要用单数,如果是复数,定语从句的谓语也需要用复数
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