第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题.请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项. 第一篇 Stop Eating Too Much
“Clean your plate!”and“Be a member of the clean-plate club!”Just about every kid in the US has hear this from a parent or grandparent．Often，it's accompanied by an appeal：“Just think about those starving orphans(孤儿)in Africa!”Sure，we shouid be grateful for every bite of food．Unfortunately,many people in the US take too many bites．Instaad of staying“clean the plate”.perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow．釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅。 According to news reports，US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies (肚子)．A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer,with two to four times the amount recommended by the government，according to a USA Today story．Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that．They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little．怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫。 Barbara Rolls，a nutrition(营养)professor at Pennsylvania State University,told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the l970s.the same time that the American waistline(腰围)began to expand．谚辞調担鈧谄动禪。 Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions．Now，apparently,some customers are calling for this too．The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4.000 people surveyed believed restaurants served portions that were too large；23 percent had no opinion；20 percent disagreed．But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions.Seventy percent of those earning at least $150，000 per year prefer smaller portions；but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25，000 want smaller. 嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純。 It's not that working class Americans don’t want to eat healthy．It’s just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal．They live from paycheck(薪金支票)to paycheck，happy to save a little money for next year’s Christmas presents．熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇。 31 Parents in the United States tend to ask their children鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎。 A to save food for tomorrow． B to wash the dishes． C not to waste food．
D not to eat too much．
32 Why do American restaurants serve large portions?纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥。 A Because Americans associate quantity with value．颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊。 B Because Americans have big bellies． C Because Americans are good eaters． D Because Americans are too weak． 33 What happened in the l970s?
A The US government called on its people to reduce their weight．濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔。 B Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions．銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎。 C The United States produced more grain than needed．挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖。 D The American waistline started to expand． 34 What does the survey indicate?
A Many low-income Americans want large portions．
B Twenty percent of Americans want smaller portions．赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩。 C Fifty-seven percent of Americans want large portions．塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙。 D Forty-five percent of Americans want smaller portions．裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘。 35 Which of the following is NOT true of working class Americans?仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬。 A They work long hours.
B They live from paycheck to paycheck． C They don’t want to be healthy eaters． D They want to save money for presents．
第二篇 A New Immigration Bill
The US Senate is considering a new immigration bill．lt will value the economic
蛏鬮。 绽萬璉轆娛閬promise of immigrants over family ties when considering US residency and citizenship．The legislation，which was proposed by President Bush and a group of senators，contains a point system．The proposal aims to increase the number of immigrants with graduate degrees，earnings or job skills．骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領。 The proposed point systerm would use a l00-point scale．According to a draft of the law，merit
applicants could earn up to 47 points for things like occupation，or year of work for a US firm．They could earn up to 28 points for their education，15 points for English and US civics(公民学)，and l0 points for family ties．The system has stirred up debate．Critics on the Ieft say it opposes family unity and American values．Critics on the right complain that it does not reflect the needs of high．tech employers．瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭。 The current kinship(血缘关系)一based system puts pressure on the US，as it attracts low-skill workers who consume more public services than they pay back jn taxes．It allows a variety of uneducated people in from Mexico and Central America．鎦诗涇艳损楼紲鯗。 The immigration bill would allow eight years to clear the current backlog(积压)of application for a permanent resident card，or green card．After that，only the children and spouses(配偶)of legal immigrants would be able to apply for family visas．Adult children，siblings(兄弟姐妹)，parents，and other relatives would have to apply in the general queue (排队)．Under the proposal，immigrants from Asian，countries would likely fare well(很有利)．For instance，over half of recent immigrants from China and India have a bachelor’s (学士的)or higher degree．Immigrants from Latin American countries would likely face栉缏歐锄棗鈕种鵑。 more difficulties．
Immigration point systerns have been in use in Canada，Australia and New Zealand
攬瑤丽。 辔烨棟剛殓for years．The UK adopted a similar approach in 2001．One thing that Canada and other nations have discovered is that their system needs to fit the needs of their econom y．Too often they find that they attract highly—educated people who end up finding work that doesn’t use their skills．Some end up driving a taxi．峴扬斕滾澗辐滠兴。 36 0ne of the reasons for proposing the point system is詩叁撻訥烬忧毀厉。 A to give priority to immigrants from China． B to protect the US from terrorist attacks． ， C to attract skilled immigrants． D to increase population．
37 What do critics on the right say about the proposed point system?则鯤愜韋瘓賈晖园。 A It opposes family unity． B It is very difficult to apply． C It opposes American values．
D It does not meet the needs of high—tech employers．胀鏝彈奥秘孫戶孪。 38 Which statement is NOT true of the current system?鳃躋峽祷紉诵帮废。 A It is kinship—based． B lt puts pressure on the US． C It draws-lowskilled workers． D It attracts highly-educated people． 39 Who can apply for family visas in future? A The uncles and aunts of legal immigrants． B The brothers and sisters of legal immigrants．
C The spouses and young children of legal immigrants．稟虛嬪赈维哜妝扩。 D The parents and grandparents of legal immigrants．陽簍埡鲑罷規呜旧。 40 Which country adopted the point system in 2001 ? 沩氣嘮戇苌鑿鑿槠。 A The UK． B The US． C Canada． D Australia
第三篇 Political Spins
Last week，US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton“chutzpah”(大胆放肆)．With just one sentence，Snow managed to make headlines，a joke and a defense of President George W．Bush．Interestingly,this is how battles are fought and won in US politics—with carefully—worded one—liners(一行字幕新闻)made for TV which often lack substance and clarity(清晰度)．钡嵐縣緱虜荣产涛。 “The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is
烬。 懨俠劑鈍触乐鹇actually getting smaller and smaller,”said Mark Smith．a political science professor at Cedarville University．This has been accompanied by a changing media environment，Smith said．In l968，the average TV or radio soundbite(演讲中的句子或短语)was 48 seconds，according to Smith.In l996，the average soundbite had shrunk(缩短)to 8 seconds．Thus，politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible．謾饱兗争詣繚鮐癞。 Campaigning politicians also use 30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans
竞。 呙铉們欤谦鸪饺(口号)to boost their messages．Republican presidentiaI candidate John McCain ndes to campaign stops in a bus named the“Straight-Talk Express”.McCain hopes the name will convince voters he
plans to tell people the truth—whether it's in fashion or not.Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton，on the other hand，has chosen the campaign slogan“Let the conversation begin”.She hopes it will help her appear莹谐龌蕲賞组靄绉。 open—minded and friendly．
But one—liners，TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient：something commonly called political“spin”．Brooks Jackson，a former journalist and the current director of the non-partisan(无党派的)website FactCheck．Org，calls spin“just a polite word for deception(欺骗)．”麸肃鹏镟轿騍镣缚。 “I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin．”said Jackson．納畴鳗吶鄖禎銣腻。 “Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency：They ignore the evidence風撵鲔貓铁频钙蓟。 that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds灭嗳骇諗鋅猎輛觏。 and admit that they were wrong.”
41 Which statement is NOT true of one-1iners? A They are unclear．
B They contain a lot of information． C They lack substance. D They are carefully constructed． 42 What changed from l968 to 1996？ A Publicity． B Information． C Communication．
D The average soundbite．
43 The campaign slogan“Straight-Talk Express”aims at convincing voters that the
诨。 铹鸝饷飾镡閌赀 presidential candidate is A honest．
B friendly． C open-minded.
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