Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. indicator G. formation B. predict C. process D. movement E. adapt F. tracked H. deliberate I. similar J. advantageous K. surprised Dogs Used to Be More Like Cats Researchers studying fossils (化石) of the early ancestors of dogs that lived up to 40 million years ago believe the predators (捕食性动物) evolved as a direct consequence of climate change. The study claims the (41)______ transformed man?s best friend from a creature that behaved more like a cat, into the canine (犬) we know and love today.
Ancestors of dogs living in North America 40 million years ago were ambush (伏击式) predators—in a(n) (42)______ way to cats?. But a million years later, the thick forest that once covered the continent began to give way to grasslands. This led to a(n) (43)______ in the body shape and hunting behavior of dogs, turning them into animals that no longer (44)______ their prey (猎物), but chased it down instead.
This evolutionary transition was (45)______ by the scientists who examined the elbows and teeth of 32 species of dogs that lived between 40 million and two million years ago.
“The elbow is a really good (46)______ of what carnivores (食肉动物) are doing with their forelimbs (前肢), which tells their entire (47)______ abilities,” said Brown University?s Christine Janis, who led the study.
The research was based on an analysis of fossil specimens (标本) in the American Museum of Natural History in New York. It suggests dog evolution was directly related to climate change. After all, it was not (48)______ to operate as a pursuit-and-pounce predator until there was room to run.
If predators evolved with climate change over the last 40 million years, the authors argue they may continue to (49)______ in response to the present global warming trend. In this way, the results of the study could help (50)______ how animals may look in the future. III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. 51 , according to an official report on youth violence, “in our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the case, why aren?t students taught to manage 52 the way they are taught to solve math problems or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is 53 . A report indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor 54 . For example, a fight
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could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. 55 the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn?t in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can 56 the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, 57 words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key 58 for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to make the speaker?s position clear. Then the two people should change 59 . 60 , students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn?t mean trying to figure out what?s wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to 61 . For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes 62 , the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn?t, 63 thought helps both sides figure out a better solution.
After students started a conflict resolution, there has been an increase in student 64 . Learning to resolve conflicts can help students 65 friends, teachers, parents, bosses and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
51. A. As a result B. In fact C. By contrast D. On the contrary 52. A. conflict B. lives C. relationships D. affairs 53. A. violent B. global C. unresolved D. unavoidable 54. A. remark B. assumption C. insult D. resolution 55. A. Preference for B. Particularity about C. Complaint over D. Laughter over 56. A. interpret B. practice C. assess D. bend 57. A. soft B. tough C. critical D. clear 58. A. measure B. strategy C. assessment D. application 59. A. responses B. attitudes C. roles D. intentions 60. A. Contrarily B. Relatively C. Consequently D. Finally 61. A. accomplish B. ignore C. foresee D. seek 62. A. wider B. clearer C. more complex D. more critical 63. A. unselfish B. initial C. inspiring D. careful 64. A. cooperation B. argument C. gratitude D. support 65. A. admire B. select C. deal with D. back up
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Section B
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
(You may read the questions first.) We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier. Using your NatWest Service Card As a Switch card, it lets you pay for all sorts of goods and services, whenever you see the Switch logo. The money comes straight out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money (or an agreed overdraft (透支) to cover it). It is also a cheque guarantee card for up to the amount shown on the card. And it gives you free access to your money from over 31,000 cash machines across the UK. Using your NatWest Cash Card You can use your Cash Card as a Solo card to pay for goods and services wherever you see the Solo logo. It can also give you access to your account and your cash from over 31,000 cash machines nationwide. You can spend or withdraw what you have in your account, or as much as your agreed overdraft limit. Using your cards abroad You can also use your Service Card and Cash Card when you’re abroad. You can withdraw cash at cash machines and pay for goods and services wherever you see the Cirrus or Maestro logo displayed. We take a commission charge (手续费) of 2.25% of each cash withdrawal you make (up to￡4) and a commission charge of 75 pence every time you use Maestro to pay for goods or services. We also apply a foreign-exchange transaction fee of 2.65%. Using your NatWest Credit Card With your credit card you can do the following: ＊ Pay for goods and services and enjoy up to 56 days’ interest-free credit. ＊ Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the MasterCard or Visa logos. ＊ Collect one AIR MILE for every￡20 of spending that appears on your statement (结算单). (This does not include foreign currency or traveler’s cheques bought, interest and other charges.) 第8页 共13页
66. If you carry the Service Card or the Cash Card, ________. A. you can use it to guarantee things as you wish B. you can draw your money from cash machines conveniently C. you can spend as much money as you like without a limit D. you have to pay some extra money when you pay for services in the UK
67. If you withdraw￡200 from a cash machine abroad, you will be charged ________. A. ￡4 B. ￡4.5 C. ￡5.25 D. ￡5.3
68. Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card? A. You have to pay back with interest within 56 days. B. You can use the card in any shop across the world. C. You will be charged some interest beyond two months. D. You will gain one air mile if you spend ￡20 on traveller?s cheques.
69. The purpose of the passage is to show you how to ________. A. pay for goods with your cards B. use your cards abroad C. draw cash with your cards D. play your cards right
(B)
A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct species. The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna (热带草原) elephant. Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils，mammoths and mastodons，the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.
The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years. The separation of the two species took place around the time of the separation of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.
There has long been a debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants? significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs
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between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation (保护) purpose. Since 1950 all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority for conservation purpose.”
70. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________. A. the Asian elephant B. the forest elephant C. the savanna elephant D. the mastodon elephant
71. The researcher?s conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant?s ________. A. DNA B. height C. weight D. population
72. Alfred Roca?s words were mainly about ________. A. the purpose of studying African elephants B. the conservation of African elephants
C. the way to divide African elephants into two units D. the reason for the distinction of African elephants
73. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Naturalist?s Belief about Elephants. B. Amazing Experiment about Elephants. C. An Unexpected Finding about Elephants. D. A Long scientific Debate about Elephants.
(C)
A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the story of the games is analyzed they can be seen to fall into some styles. The two styles most popular with the children I interviewed were ?Platformers? and ?Beat-them-ups.? Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated (动画的) characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children?s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls off a cliff but walks away unscathed. Argument has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children?s everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after longtime exposure to these games. Playing computer games
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2016年闵行区高三英语一模试卷(精准校对完整版)
