情态动词+have_done结构
一、“must+have+done”
表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。
1. It must have rained
wet.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。2. You must have been
mad to speak to the servant. last night, for the ground is
你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。
二、“can't+have+done”
表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。1. Mr. Smith
can‘t have gone
to Beijing, for I saw him
in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。2. Mary
home.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。
can't have stolen
your money. She has gone
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三、“can+have+done”
可能做过……吗?”。
表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“1. There is no light in the room.
out?
屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?2. There is nowhere to find them. Where
have gone
?
Can they have gone
can they
到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?
四、“could+have+done”
是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,译成“本来能够”做某事而没有做。
1. He could have passed
careless.
本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。
the exam, but he was too
五、“may+have+done”
表示对过去发生的事情的推测,译成“可能已经”,用于肯定句中。——What has happened to George? ——I don't know. He ——乔治发生了什么事?——我不知道,他可能迷路了。
2
may have got lost.
六、“might+have+done表示对过去事情的推测,might
”
与may意思相同,但可能性更小。
译成“可能已经”,用于肯定句中。1. He might have given
you more help, even though
he was busy.
他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。2. She might have achieved
greater progress, if you had given her more chances.
如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
七、“would+have+done”
虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会,,,”。1. I would have told
you all about the boy's story, but
you didn't ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。2. Without your help, I
wouldn't have achieved
much.
没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
3
so
八、“should+have+done”
本
对过去事情的埋怨,意思是本来应该做某事,而实际没做。译成“应该““shouldn
‘t+have+done
”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际本不该“
should have been
做了。含有指责的意思。译成“
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work
finished yesterday.
汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。2. Look, Tom is crying. I
on him.
看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。
shouldn't have been
so harsh
九、“ought to+have+done”
本应该……”,有遗憾的意
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“思。与“should+have+done1. I ought to have gone
我理应上星期日回家。2. You ought not to have given
你不应该帮助他那么多。
”用法基本一样。 home last Sunday.
him more help.
十、“need+have+done”
本来需要,,,“
表示过去本来需要做某事而没有做。译成“
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“needn‘t+have+done成“本不需要,,,“
1.I needn‘t have bought
people came.
”表示本来不需要做某事而做了,译
so much wine—only five
我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。2.He need have hurried
to the station. In that case,
he wouldn't have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。
注意1:had+过去分词的特殊用法
一般来讲had后加上动词的过去分词,表示过去完成时,但有时had 后面连接一些表示主观意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose加上这些主观意向性动词的过去分词,怎么样,但是未能实现。翻译为\原本想......\1. We had hoped
that you would come,but you didn't.
等had
构成过去完成时,表示本来想
我们本来希望你会来的,但你没有。
注意2:should have done区别?
与should have been done的
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