浙江工业大学生物与环境工程学院 生物化学实验论文
姓 名： 组 员：
学 号： 学 品科学与工程
所在院系：生物与环境工程学院 指导教师： 邱乐泉
2012 年12 月 1日填
科： 食
啤酒酵母蔗糖酶的提取、提纯及测定研究论文
摘要：
为了解酶的初步提取及纯化方法，并在此基础上掌握测定酶活力的原理和方法；用Folin-酚试剂、微量凯式定氮法测定蛋白质含量的原理和方法，SDS-PAGE测定蛋白质的相对分子质量。除此之外，还要掌握高速离心机、Q-Sepharose柱层析法、紫外分光光度计、凯氏定氮仪、蒸馏装置、电泳等用法。 这一系列实验需要实验预制作——酵母的自溶，大约3天以后，酵母细胞壁破裂，胞液流出，经多次分别离心得到初提液A、热提液B和乙醇提取液C。利用Q-Sepharose柱层析法洗脱乙醇提取液C得到洗脱液D并在280nm处测D的吸光值，用葡萄糖测验试纸定性进行酶活力测试，发现洗穿透峰得到的第1、2管酶活力高，从第3管以后吸光值开始下降，且吸光值大的酶活力较大。得到4种酶提取液样品以后，便可以制作葡萄糖标准曲线，进行定量酶活力测定，葡萄糖标准曲线是一条直线，根据曲线回归方程计算4个样品的总活力单位数和酶回收率，比较计算结果可以知道随着蔗糖酶的不断提纯酶的总活力单位数和酶回收率都减少。随后用Folin-酚试剂法测样品中蛋白质的含量，与用微量凯氏定氮法测定的结果进行比较，后者测出的总蛋白含量比前者大，并且知道随着酶的提纯，A、B、C、D4个样品的纯化系数升高，比活力升高，总酶活、总蛋白和蛋白回收率却在下降，其中A的蛋白质含量最高，D的纯化程度最高。最后用SDS-聚丙烯胺凝胶电泳法通过凝胶对样品的筛选分离、考马斯亮蓝的染色、洗脱等步骤测量蛋白质分子和染料的迁移距离间接测定蔗糖酶的相对分子质量，得到2条蔗糖酶条带，计算的蔗糖酶相对分子质量。
关键词：蔗糖酶；提取纯化；酶活力测定；Folin-酚试剂；微量凯式定氮法；SDS-聚丙烯胺凝胶
Summary：
To understand the the enzymes preliminary extraction and purification methods, and on this basis to master the principles and methods of determination of enzyme
activity; Folin-phenol reagent, trace Kay ceremony will be the principles and methods of nitrogen determination of the protein content, SDS-PAGE protein determination of therelative molecular mass. In addition, we must master the use of high-speed centrifuges, Q-Sepharose column chromatography, UV spectrophotometer, Kjeldahl instrument, distillation apparatus, electrophoresis.
This series of experiments requires experimental pre-production - yeast autolysis, about three days later, the yeast cell wall rupture, cytosolic outflow to the beginning of extracts A, after repeatedly respectively centrifugal heat extracts B and ethanol extract C. Using Q-Sepharose column chromatography to obtain an eluate D eluted ethanol extract C and the absorbance value of the 280nm measured at D, the enzyme activity test, and found to penetrate wash peak obtained with glucose tests strips
qualitative 1,2 tube enzyme activity began to decrease from the absorbance values after 3 and suck the light value greater enzyme activity. Later to obtain four kinds of enzyme extraction fluid sample, it can produce a standard curve of glucose, quantitative enzyme activity assay, the glucose standard curve is a straight line, according to the regression equation to calculate the number of units and enzyme recovery of the total activity of the four samples, and comparing the calculated results You can know are reduced as the number of units of the total activity of the purified enzyme sucrase continues and enzyme recoveries. Followed by the protein content in the measured samples of the Folin-phenol reagent method, micro Kjeldahl nitrogen method results were compared, which measured the total protein content than the former, and know with the purification of the enzyme, A, B, C, D4 samples purified coefficient increases, increased specific activity, the total enzyme activity, total protein and protein recovery is on the decline, wherein A is the highest protein content, D, the highest degree of purification. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel sample screening separation test brilliant blue staining, elution step measurement of protein molecules and dye migration distance Indirect
determination of the relative molecular mass of sucrase get two the sucrase strip sucrase relative molecular mass, the calculated
Keywords: sucrase; extraction and purification; enzyme activity assay; Folin-phenol reagent; micro-Kjeldahl method; SDS-polyacrylamide gel
正文：
1、文献综述 1.1
蔗糖酶(Sucrase,EC 3.2.1.26)又称转化酶(Invertase)，可作用于β21,2糖苷键,将蔗糖水解为D2葡萄糖和D2果糖[1]。随着分子生物学的发展，不论对酶分子本身作用机制的研究还是其他研究，越来越需要纯度高的酶制剂。由于酶本身也是蛋白质，因此酶分离提存的方法大体上与蛋白质纯化方法相同，一般来说，没有一种固定的方法，而往往根据你所要分离提纯酶的取材以及酶本身的物理﹑化学及生物学性质来确定分离提纯方法。各种酶的纯化通常有五个阶段：①材料的选择与预处理；②细胞破碎；③抽提；④纯化；⑤浓缩﹑干燥及保存。
2、实验原理、材料和方法 2.1 蔗糖酶的提取及初步提纯 2.1.1实验原理
酵母中含有蔗糖酶，而蔗糖酶属于胞内酶，所以常将细胞壁破碎后进行提取。酶的生产方法有生物提取法、微生物发酵法及化学合成法，细胞破碎又有化学裂解法、低渗溶液法等，本法属于生物提取法、菌体自溶的方法。经破碎提取的蔗糖酶液再经热提取、乙醇沉淀提取，使蔗糖酶得到初步的提纯。 2.1.2 试剂与器材 2.1.2.1试剂
①新鲜的啤酒酵母（冰冻在冰箱内，由实验室从啤酒厂买来）；
②醋酸钠（AR）；
浙江工业大学生物化学实验论文——对啤酒酵母的蔗糖酶的提取、提纯及测定研究论文
