初中动词不定式和动名词精讲
考点1：动词不定式
1.动词不定式的形式及特点
动词不定式一般由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，有的不定式可省略to。不定式的否定形式是“not to （do）”
He asked me to play chess with him。他让我和他一起下国际象棋。(带1o)
1 saw a boy go across the road just now。我看见有个男孩刚才过了马路。(不带to) The teacher told me not to be late again. 老师告诉我不要再迟到。(否定形式动词不定式的用法
2.动词不定式的用法
动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语，定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。虽不作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语或状语。下面重点介绍几种用 (1)不定式作宾语
①不定式作宾语的情况比较多，但是一般情况下，不定式只作部分动词的宾语。经常接不定式作宾语(即动词+ to do sth。结构)的动词有：begn(开始)，care(愿意)，ask(要求)，hope(希望)， learn(学会)， expect(期 望)，want(想要)，wish(希望)， forget(忘记)，like(喜欢)， decide(决定)，try(尝试)， continue(继续)，
er(比较喜欢)， pretend(假装)等。如
I hope to see the famous scientist。( to see作hope的宾语)我希望看见那位著名的科学家。
②不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。常见的这类形容词有： ready(准备好)， anxious(急于)，able
能够)，sure(一定)，glad(高兴)，sory(难过)， afraid(害怕)， pleased(高兴)， willing(愿意)等。如
m glad to meet you。( to meel作glad的宾语)见到你很高兴。
③不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。如： when to do(什么时候做)； how to do(怎样做)； what to do(做什
么)； why to do(为什么做)； where to do(在哪丿L做)； which to do(做哪一个)等。如
Idon' t know what to buy for my mother。( what to buy作know的宾语)我不知道给妈妈买什么。
（2.）不定式用作宾语补足语）
不定式用作宾语补足语，也是在一些特定的动词之后。常接“宾语+宾补”(即动词+sb。+ to do sth。结构)
动词有：ask(请)， force(强迫)，alow(允许)， expect(期望，盼望)， Invite(邀请)，want(要)， ell(告诉)， advise(建议)，help(帮助)， persuade(说服)， permit(准许)等。 如Joan asked Mary to speak first。
(Mary在句中作宾语， to speak补充说明Mary要做的事)琼请玛丽先说
(3)不定式作目的状语
不定式作状语，修饰动词，用于表示行为的目的，一般放在动词后面。如 We ran over to welcome the new friends from the USA。( to welcome作目的状语)
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我们跑过去欢迎来自美国的新朋友。
(4)不定式作主语(可用it来作形式主语，将真正主语置后)
To learn maths is very important。= It is very important to learn maths。 学数学很重要。
3。省略to的不定式
使役动词和感官动词，后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，主动语态时不定式要省略to，被动语态时要补上to. 常考的有
Make sb. do sth.使某人做某事 let sb. do sth。让某人做某事 ake sb. do叫某人做某事
have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
notice sh。do( doing)sth。注意某人(正在)做某多 see sb.do( doing)sth。看见某人(正在)做某事 hear sb.do( doing)sth。听见某人(正在)做某事
如:1 often see him run on the road。(省略to)我经常看见他在路上跑步。
4。不带to的常用句型
Why don' t you do sth。?为什么不做某事? Why not do sth。?为什么不做某事?
Would/ Could you please do sth。?请你做某事，好吗?
Would/ Could you please not do sth。?请你不要做某事，好吗? would rather do sth。 than do sth。宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事 had better(not) do sth。最好(不)要做某事
prefer to do sth。 rather than do sth。宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事
考点2动名词
1。动名词的基本形式和性质
(1)动名词是由“动词原形加-ing\”构成，形式与动词的现在分词相同。如： No smoking here。这里禁止吸烟。
(2)动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语，组成动名词短语；名词的性质在句子中可以充当主语、宾语等。如
She is fond of collecting stamps。(作宾语)她喜欢集邮。
Traveling abroad can be very exciting。(作主语)出国旅行会是很激动人心的。
2。常见的可接动名词的动词短语有
insist on(坚持) think of(想到) dream of(梦想) object to(反对) hear of(听说)
look forward to(期望) feel like(想要) devote。。to(致力于)get/ be used to(习惯于) be fond of(喜欢) be afraid of(害怕) be tired of(厌烦) succeed(成功) stop。from(阻止?做) keep。from(阻止) prevent。from(阻止??做
depend on(依靠) spend。。in(在??花费) be interested in(对?·感兴趣) be proud of(以??为骄傲/自豪)
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一．从各题后的四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
( )1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
( )2. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
( )3. You’d better ______ your bike _____ at once. It is Monday tomorrow, you know. A. to have, mend B. have, mended C. have, to mend D. to have, mended
( )4. --- Look! The lights in the classroom are still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.
A. turning them off B. turn them off
C. to turn them off D. having turned them off
( )5. “Can’t you read?” the officer said _______ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. point angrily
( )6. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
( )7. The policeman warned the young man _______ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive
( )8. --- What’s the language _______ in New Zealand? --- English.
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
( )9. He didn’t feel like _______ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold. A. to go B. goes C. gone D. going
( )10. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
( )11. The house is not big enough for us all _______. A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in
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( )12. A clock is made for _______ us the time. A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. tells
( )13. You’d better _______ at home all the time. It’s bad for your health. A. don’t stay B. no to stay C. not stay D. not staying
( )14. The students are busy _______ ready for the exam now. A. getting B. get C. got D. to get
( )15. The mother asked the boy _______ down the ladder, but he went on _______ instead.
A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing
二．语法选择填空。
Sometimes you just need a quick trip to the beach. I decided 1 Puerto Rico. The island,2 is a USA territory(地域), offers Americans all the comforts of domestic (国内的)travel. But Puerto Rico also has Caribbean beaches and Latin culture along 3 waterfalls and good food and drinks. We spent five days 4 on the beach, exploring old San Juan, hiking through the island's rainforest and, of course， enjoying tropical(热带的) drinks as we thought of _5 futures. Puerto Rico 6 two kinds of seasons: wet and dry. Prices tend 7 lower in the rainy months, April to November, but that's because you run the risk of 8 stuck inside your hotel room waiting for the rain to subside(减弱)。Traveling there last fall, I knew this going in, but was willing 9 my chances. We also spent a day 10 El Yunque, Puerto rico's famous tropical rainforest. Many visitors rent a car and made the trek(跋涉) 11 their own from San juan-it's about 30 minutes away- 12 we booked a guided tour through our hotel that included 13 hike and swimming beneath a waterfall. There 14 several different places where you can swim, but be prepared for a bit of adventure, 15 slippery rocks and a river with a rope swing。
() 1. A. to try B. try C. trying Dtried ()2. A who B. which C. what D. whose ()3.A.of B. by C. with D. against ()4.A.to relax B.relax C.relaxed D.relaxing ()5.A. your B. their C. his D.our ()6.A.has B.have C. is D.are
()7.A.being B.to be C.will be D. have been ()8.A. to get B.got C. getting D. to be got ()9.A. taking B. to take C. takes D. took ()10.A. on B. at C. under D. with ()11.A. in B. on C. by D. to
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()12.A. but B. and C. or D. so ()13.A. a B. an C. the D./ ()14.A. is B. are C. have D. has
()15.A.include B. including C. to include D. included
非谓语单项参考1-5 CDBCA 6-10 DABDB 11-15 ABCAC 非谓语短文参考1—5ABCDD 6—10ABCBB 11---15BAABB
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初中动词不定式和动名词精讲及练习
