中考复习
专题四 动词和动词短语
真 题 试 做
(B)1.(2024南通中考改编)—Excuse me, difficulties. can you teach me how to ______ this new word?
—No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully.
A.prove B.pronounce C.prepare (A)2.We are all supposed to ______ the poor animals.
A.care for B.give up C.run after (A)3.(2024抚顺中考改编) In the summer camp, the boy learned to ______ all kinds of
考向归结
通过对以上五个小题的观察,并结合各地多年中考考点的设置,可知动词考查的方面主要有动词的词义辨析和短语动词等(关于动词的其他考点见后续专题)。题型设置方面,主要
侧重于单项选择、完形填空、综合填空和写作。
考 点 突 破
动词的形式及分类
1.动词的基本形式
(1)动词原形,如:play,talk,write等。
(2)动词的第三人称单数,如:plays,writes,studies,watches等。 (3)动词的现在分词,如:playing,talking,writing等。 (4)动词的过去式,如:played,wrote,began等。 (5)动词的过去分词,如:written,begun等。 2.动词的分类
(1)按照动词的语法功能通常分为四类:
①实义动词,如:play,talk,write,shop等。 ②助动词,如:do,did,have等。
③连系动词,简称系动词,用于连接主语和表语。系动词不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构。常见系动词有:be,stay,keep,remain,feel,look,sound,taste,smell,become,get,turn,go等。
(2)按照能否与一段时间搭配,通常分为延续性动词和非延续性动词,它的用法主要体现在完成时态中。如:
I have had this bike for 3 years.这辆自行车我已经用了三年了。(had为have的过去分词,为延续性动词)
I borrowed this book from Tina yesterday.我昨天从蒂娜那里借了这本书。(borrow为非延
A.manage B.protect C.remain
(B)4.(2024滨州中考改编)They'll succeed in working out the problem because they never______.
A.wake up B.give up C.look up (B)5.(2024兰州中考改编)—Can I help you,sir?
—Yes,please. I am ______ a blue T-shirt.
A.looking up B.looking for C.looking after
中考复习
续性动词)
(3)实义动词按照能否直接接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 ①及物动词后必须接宾语,有被动语态。如:
Mary often washes clothes.→被动语态:The clothes are often washed by Mary.玛丽经常洗衣服。
②不及物动词不能直接接宾语,无被动语态;不及物动词要接宾语需要借助介词,形成动介短语,动介短语有被动语态,但一定要注意保留介词。如:
Lily laughed.(laugh为不及物动词)莉莉笑了。
Lily laughed at me.(laugh需借助介词at,形成动介短语laugh at才能接宾语me)→被动语态:I was laughed at by Lily.我被莉莉嘲笑了。
动词词义辨析
1.arrive,reach与get
三者都可表示“到达”的意思。区别为:arrive in+大地点,arrive at+小地点;reach为及物动词,即reach+地点;get to+地点。当arrive和get接的地点为地点副词(here,there,home)时,介词省略。如:
When did you arrive in Beijing?=When did you get to Beijing?=When did you reach Beijing?你什么时候到的北京?
How do you get there?=How do you arrive there?你怎么到那里的? 2.borrow,lend与keep
borrow相对主语而言为借入,常用短语:borrow sb. sth./borrow sth.from sb.意为“向某人借某物”;lend相对主语而言为借出, 常用短语:lend sth.to sb./lend sb.sth.意为“把某物借给某人”;keep 意为“保存;借”,为延续性动词,表示“长时间地借”。如:
I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday.昨天我从图书馆借了一本书。 Can you lend your pen to me? 你能把你的钢笔借给我吗? How long can we keep the book? 这本书我们能借多久? 3.dress,put on与wear
dress sb.给某人穿衣服, dress sb.up打扮某人; put on强调穿的动作,意为“穿上;戴上”;wear意为“穿戴”,表状态,与“be in”同义。如:
The boy dressed himself quickly.男孩快速地穿上了衣服。 Jim put on his coat and went out.吉姆穿上外套出去了。 Lily is wearing a red skirt today.莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。 4.see,look,watch与read
see指看的结果,也可指看电影;look指看的动作,不及物动词,后需接介词at才能加宾语;watch指看比赛、电视等;read指看书、看报。如:
I can see something beautiful over there.我能看见那里有些美丽的东西。
You should look at the blackboard and listen to your teacher carefully in class.在课堂上你应该看黑板并认真听讲。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.电视看多了对眼睛有害。 Don't read books in the sun.不要在太阳下看书。 5.bring,take与carry
中考复习
bring意为“带来;拿来”,表示拿到靠近说话者的地方;take意为“拿去;带走”,表示拿到远离说话者的地方;carry意为“扛;搬;用力移动;携带”,没有方向性。如:
Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.请记得明天把家庭作业带到学校来。
Please take the dictionary to Miller.请把字典带给米勒。
He is strong enough to carry the heavy box.他足够强壮能够搬动那个重箱子。
6.speak,talk,say与tell(详见第一编P16)
7.lose,fail,beat与win
lose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为:lose to sb.;fail指“失败”或“未做成某事”;beat意为“打败”,后接sb.或某支队伍;win意为“赢得(荣誉、地位、比赛等)”。 8.lose,forget与leave
lose意为“丢失;失去”;forget意为“忘记”,常用短语:forget doing sth./forget to do sth.;leave sth.+地点,表示将某物落在了某处。
动词短语
1.动词+about
care about关心;在乎 hear about听说 know about 了解 think about 考虑 worry about 担心 talk about 谈论 2.动词+after
look after照顾;照看 run after追逐 3.动词+at
arrive at到达 knock at 敲击 laugh at 嘲笑 look at看
shout at冲……喊 work at 致力于;从事 4.动词+away
die away 逐渐消失 give away赠送 put away把……收好 run away逃跑 5.动词+down
cut down砍倒;削减 knock down撞倒 let down使……失望 turn down 拒绝;调小 write down写下;记下 lie down 躺下 6.动词+for
apply for 申请 ask for要求
care for 喜欢;照顾 pay for 支付 leave for动身去 look for 寻找 prepare for 准备 search for 搜索
send for派人去请 stand for 代表;象征 wait for 等候 7.动词+from
be/come from 来自 keep from 阻止;抑制
learn from 向……学习 hear from 收到……来信