based on other clues available to them; their previous knowledge of the subject, the context(语境) of the talk, the identity of the speaker, and so on。
当我们在学习一门外语的时候，理解我们所听到的内容是走向熟练的第一步。这是显而易见的，但是直到最近，我们对于听力是如何起作用的还知之甚少。新的研究表明，有效的听力不仅包括听飘过我们耳朵的单词，而且，还包括一个接收信息和获得意义的积极的过程。这种专注听力是一种技能，与在学校或工作中学习一系列的课程一样，这种技能对于学习弄懂一门外语也很关键。 （78）对于熟练的语言学习者的研究已经证实了一些可以获得高效理解的专门的听力策略。例如：去年，渥太华大学的研究者拉里?万德格里夫特发表了一项以106名正在学习第二语言法语的本科生为受试对象的研究。对一半的学生采取传统方式教学，听力并练习大声读出来的课文。对另一半学生教授同样的初级听力技能，并且是同一位老师，给予他们怎么去听的详细的指导。结果显示，在一项理解测试中，第二组“很明显地胜过”了第一组学生。
那么这些听力策略是什么呢？技巧娴熟的学习者进入听力课堂的时候，会带着一种他们想要得到什么的感觉。他们为自己的听力做好了目标，然后他们会预测下说话者将要说什么。在对话开始之前，他们在心中复习下关于所听话题的已知信息，接着行成一个“期待着”重要和相关内容的意向。一旦这些学习者开始听音，他们把精力集中在他们所关注的地方；如果他们走神了，他们就把注意力集中到正在说的内容。他们不允许自己放过那些不清楚或是不熟悉的细节。相反，他们在不理解的地方做下标记，查对这些东西到底是什么意思，查对时会建立在其他已经明白的线索上：他们以往关于这个话题的知识，对话的语境，说话者的身份，等等。
6. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Effective listening means hearing the words that float past our ears。 B. Developing your listening skills is the first step toward developing fluency。 C. Skilled listeners use specific strategies to get the most out of what they hear。
D. Listening is one of the most powerful tools we have to gain information。 6.【答案】C。主旨题。根据第一段This kind of engaged listening is a skill that is as critical for learning a range of subjects at school and work as it is for learning to understand a foreign tongue可知本文讨论的中心是engaged listening，投入的听对于学习有重大作用。后面两段分别讨论有效地听可以增强理解能力以及高效听力能力应用的技巧。
7. What does Vandergrift’s research show?
A. Learners who adopt specific
strategies
become
better
listening listeners。
B. Learners taught in the traditional way are better at reinforcing what they learn。
C. Learners are more confident if they
make fewer mistakes。
D. Learners who listen on a regular basis improve faster。
7. 【答案】A。细节题。根据第二段第一句话：Studies of skilled language learners have identified specific listening strategies that lead to superior comprehension. 可知选项A正确。
8. Which of the following statements about Vandergrift’s research is TRUE? A. The participants were postgraduates learning French as a second language。 B. All the participants were taught using the conventional method, with the focus on listening strategies。
C. The two groups were taught by different teacher。
D. The participants were at the same
initial skill level。
8. 【答案】D。细节题。根据第二段The other half, possessing the same initial skill level and taught by the same teacher, were given detailed instruction on how to listen. 可知选项D正确。
9. The expression “thrown off” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “_____”。
A. infected B. confused C. ruined D. Informed
9. 【答案】B。词义理解题。根据第三段 these learners maintain their focus可知，具备高效听力能力的学习者专注。根据They don’t allow themselves to be thrown off by confusing or unfamiliar details可知，专注听信息的人不受信息干扰。
10. According to the passage, which of
the following strategies is NOT used by skilled learners?
A. Review their prior knowledge of the subject。
B. Concentrate on the speaker’s words。
C. Translate into their native
language。
D. Predict what the speaker will way。 10. 【答案】C。细节题。根据第三段before the talking begins, they mentally review what they already know about the subjects.可知A选项的技巧是被高效听力学习者采用的方法。 Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
(80) As the Titanic was sinking and women and children climbed into lifeboats, the musicians from the ship’s band stood and played. They died when the ship went down.
2012年11月北京成人本科学位英语考试真题及其答案详尽解析
