promotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve naturalresources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform must be to strengthen and improve theparty's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests growemployers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat 营销战略观念：是指企业营销
只了解国际市场顾客是不够的，为获取营销的成功还必须了解顾客所处的环境，即包括竞争、政府政策及法规、经济、社会及政治宏观力量，这些因素影响国际市场变化，进而影响企业的国际营销另一方面也指从单纯追求利润想考虑相关利益者的利益
物质文化：是指人类创造的物
质产品，包括生产工具和劳动对象以及创造物质产品的技术。
文化变迁就是指由于族群社会
内部的发展或由于不同族群之间的接触而引起的一个族群文化的改变。 促使文化变迁的原因，—是内部的，由社会内部的变化而引起；二是外部的，由自然环境的变化及社会文化环境的变化如迁徙、与其他民族的接触、政治制度的改变等而引起。
商业习惯：是在特定的地域、
行业、群体范围内为一般当事人反复实践而被广为知悉的经常性做法．
企业经营结构：包括企业规
模、企业所有制、企业权力机构、企业的各种公众。
关税同盟：之俩个或俩个以上
的国家完全取消关税或其它壁垒，而且对非同盟国家采取统一的关税率。
共同市场：之共同市场成员国
间完全废除关税与数量限制，建立对非成员给的共同关税。同时，劳动力与资本等生产要素可以在成员国之间自由流动。
经济同盟：指成员国之间不但
商品和生产要素可以完全自由流动，建立共同的关税，而且成员国制定和执行某些共同的经济政策和社会政策，逐步废除政策的差异。4C：顾客，成本，方
Obviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is althrough to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to tdevelopment. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. AlComrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in便，沟通。
物质自然环境：主要包括自然
条件和基础设施。自然条件主要包括地形，气候，土地面积及自然化境等。
基础设施：是物质文化的成果，
而自然条件则是天然禀赋。主要包括交通运输设施，通讯设备和仓库等，还包括有关商业的基础设施。
国际市场营销调研系统：是
搜集反映国际市场营销客观结果的信息，有时也搜集导致上述结果的原因的信息。
国际市场营销分析系统：是
用来分析市场营销资料和市场营销问题的经济方法和技术手段组成。它主要根据研究内容建立各种数据库和市场营销分析模型。
国际营销情报系统：是指关于企业开展国际市场营销状况的信息系统，供企业市场营销决策者理解企业外部的市场状况。
企业内部报告和管理系统：
是指能够体现企业管理的大部分职能（包括决策、计划、组织、领导、监控、分析等等），能够提供实时、相关、准确、完整的数据，为管理者提供决策依据的一种软件。
国际市场营销调研：是指企
业运用科学的发放，有目的地，系统地搜集，记录一切与国际市场营销活动相关的信息，对所收集到的信息进行整理和分析，从而把握目标市场的变化规律，为国际市场的营销提供可靠的依据。
国际目标市场：企业在对国际
市场细分之后，通过对细分市场的市场潜力，竞争状况，本企业资源条件等多种因素进行评估分析，最终决定进入那部分市
ep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \cles\ng point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the communitFour is revisiting the \o Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\ofile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed thought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\cal constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ...be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysis场，即企业所选择的准备以相应的产品和服务满足其需要的哪部分购买者群体。
国际市场产品定位:是指对公
司产品进行设计，从而使其能在目标顾客群体中占一个独特的，有价值的位置的行动。
集中营销战略：是指企业把自
己的目标集中在一个或少数几个有限的子市场上。
无差异营销战略：是指在一
个国家实行大量营销战略，它在所有的目标市场上使用相同的营销组合。
差异性营销战略：是指一种
复杂的目标市场战略，是企业选择俩个或俩个以上的细分市场作为目标市场，并为不同的目标市场制定不同的营销策略组合，以分别适应各个目标市场消费者的需求。
进入国际市场的模式：是指
企业对进入外国市场的产品，技术，技能，管理诀窍或其他资源进行的系统规划。
成本领先战略：是指通过有效
途径，使总成本降低，以建立一种不败的竞争优势。
差异化战略：是指为使企业产
品，服务，企业形象等与竞争对手有明显的区别，以获得竞争优势而采取的战略。
重点集中战略：是指企业或事
业部将经营重点集中在市场或产品的某一部分。这种战略的特点是瞄准某个特定的用户群体，某种细分的产品线或某个细分市场。
大营销战略：是指为了成功地
进入特定市场，并在那里从事经营活动，在策略上协调地实用经济的，心理的，政治的和公共关系等手段，以获得外国各有关方
before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has room for manoeuvre, s a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \nt\ow profile shadow began to gradually plan so the key out of the dey. Secondly, he Socialist road. hat top-level design, this iso stresses that Mao Zedong t-depth analysis of the problems to promotion of employment, form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, build a more fair and sustainable social security systems, medical and health system reform. The plenary, innovation of social governance, must focus on the maintenance of fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, maximize factors, enhance social development, improving social governance, the interests of national security, ensure that the people live and work, social stability and order. o improve social governance, stimulating social organization, innovative and effective system of preventing and resolving social conflicts, improving the public security system, set up the National Security Council, national security systems and national security strategy to ensure national security. Plenary session, the construction of ecological civilization, you must establish systems of ecological system, using the system to protect the ecological environment. o improve naturalresources asset property right system and use control, red line of delimitation of ecological protection, resources paid use system and ecological compensation system in ecological environment protection management system reform. Plenary session, centering on building a listening party command, can win and having a fine style of the people's army, a strong army under the new situation of the party Goals, restricting the development of national defense and army building is solved outstanding contradictions and problems, innovation and development of military theory, enhance military strategic guidance, improve the military strategy in the new period, building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. o deepen the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military policy and system reform, promote the development of military and civilian integration depth. Plenary session stressed that comprehensive reform must be to strengthen and improve theparty's leadership, give full play to the core role of the party commands the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improving the party's leading water ... Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-ping's flag, replaced by three representatives and the harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness and basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests growemployers do not have the same status, hardly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hits the bottom of the proletariat 面如外国营销商，供应商，消费者，市场营销研究机构，有关政府人员，各利益集团及宣传媒介等合作和支持。
战略联盟：俩个以上的企业为
了实现优势互补，提高竞争力及扩大国际市场的共同目标而制定的双边或多边的长期或短期的合作协议。
水平战略联盟：是指联盟双方
可能是同一市场上的合作企业，或潜在竞争者，此类联盟最为重视研究与开发，同时它允许公司改善经济规模，降低或共担分险，加速新技术的扩散，减少进入市场的障碍，甚至在某些情况下进入对方的市场范围，增加选择机会，提高产品竞争力，改进力量，以便更为迅速地适应消费者需求。
垂直战略联盟：是由生产，分
配过程中处于不同阶段的经营公司所建立的通过这种联盟进行合作能够减少或防止非对称信息的不利影响，有助于实施产业政策，这种合作可以取代垂直一体化，能减少与依赖资源有关的问题，能够消除供应的不确定性，能减少由于产品价格的市场波动做造成的损失。
产品：是指为留意，获取，实
用和消费以满足某种欲望和需要而提供给市场的一切东西。 新产品：它具体包括新发明产品，改进的产品，改姓的产品和新的品牌。新产品除包括引科学技术在某一领域的重大发现所产生的新产品外，还包括如下方面，在生产销售方面，只要产品在功能或形态上发生改变，与原来的产品产生差异，甚至只是产品单纯由原来市场进入新的市场，都可视为新产品，在消费者方面则指能进入市场给消费者
Obviously, face China's Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to turn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road problems in China, is althrough to the ruling ideology of Mao Zedong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socialist Revolution and construction. Empty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiao-ping's reform ideas. These strong political signal showing a new generation of political leaders is still keeping to tdevelopment. Signs show that the new leadership began to make a left turn in politics. However, as of right now, not only ideological confusion in the community, the new leadership's thinking is messy. New leaders both stressed the need to implement the Constitution, stressed the need to turn off the power in a cage. AlComrades: today brings together members, mainly in order to provide a platform to Exchange and learn from each other in order to facilitate our work. Just now, we focus on taxation, planning and stability, safety, project construction, typical topics such as private facts presentation and interaction, and towns currently exist in the in提供新的利益或新的效用而被消费者认可的产品。
产品标准化策略：是指企业
向全世界不同国家或地区的所有市场都提供相同的产品：
产品差异化政策：是指企业
向全世界范围内不同国家和地区的市场提供不同的产品，以适应不同国家或地区市场的特殊需求：
产品生命周期：产品从投入市
场到最终退出市场的全过程。
产品整体概念：广义的产品是
指人们通过购买而获得的能够满足某种需求和欲望的物品的总和，它既包括具有物质形态的产品实体，又包括非物质形态的利益，这就是\产品的整体概念\。
成本加成定价法：是以产品
成本为基础，加上预期利润，结合销售量等有关情况，确定产品的价格水平：
撇脂定价策略：是指把产品的
价格定得很高，远远高于成本，以求短期摄取最大利润，尽早收回投资.
渗透定价法：是指企业把新产
品投入国际市场时价格定得相对较低，以吸引大量顾客及迅速打开市场，短期内获得比较高的市场占有率，同时通过接近成本的定价，吓退其他打算进入该领域的竞争者的一种定价策略.
消费者市场是指所有为了满
足个人消费而购买产品和服务的个人和家庭所构成的市场 生活消费是产品和服务流通的终点，故消费者市场也称为最终产品市场
ep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadership attaches great importance to political orientation. First, the \cles\ng point, starting from the Central Government's self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dong's thought of evaluation has room for manoeuvre, Four is revisiting the \o Ze-Dong's historical cycle of\ofile anti-corruption and the importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving the color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is also looking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, the flexible attitude on the issue of the Korean peninsula, Sino-Japanese fishing hardline China on the island out of the \nt\ow profile shadow began to gradually plan hought cannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and opening up 30 years ago can not deny each other. Both advocate democracy and release \n does not speak of\cal constraints. Neither deny the history of the CPC Central Committee on several issues ... be solved, to explore new methods to solve the problem. It can be said that summing up the achievement, no grandstanding; analysis so the key out of the dehe Socialist road. so stresses that Mao Zedong t-depth analysis of the problems to
《国际市场营销学》课后习题答案 - 图文
