浙江外国语学院英文学院 《英语语言学概论》复习题集
12. Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue
in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.
13. According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels,
semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels.
14. The English consonants can be classified in terms of place and manner of articulation.
15. The qualities of vowels depend on the positions of lips. 16. Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme. 17. Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning.
18. Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different
categories.
19. A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one
sound for another result in a change of meaning.
20. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound
segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.
21. The rules governing the phonological patterning are language specific. 22. Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of
two or more phonemic segments.
23. Articulatory phonetics is the study of the production of speech sounds.
24. The speech sounds in almost every language can be divided into two major natural classes: consonants and vowels.
25. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of airstream.
26. Suprasegmental features are distinctive features of segmental phonemes.
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:
27． A_____ refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds. 28． A___________ phonetics describes the way our speech organs work to produce
the speech sounds and how they differ.
29． The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all
b_______ sounds.
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浙江外国语学院英文学院 《英语语言学概论》复习题集
30．Of all the speech organs, the t ____ is the most flexible, and is responsible for
varieties of articulation than any other.
31．English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms
of p_______ of articulation.
32． When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the
speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a s________.
33． S_________ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the
segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.
34． The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are
called s ____ rules.
35． The transcription of speech sounds with letter-symbols only is called broad
transcription while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics is called n_________ transcription.
36． When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word
in isolation, they are collectively known as i_________.
37． P___________ is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular
language and how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication.
38. If you say door, new, two, senior, zoo, you will notice that the first sounds in all these words are a_______ sounds. The t and s are voiceless, and d, n and z are voiced. Only n is nasal.
39． The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important
cavities: the pharyngeal cavity, the o_______ cavity and the nasal cavity. 40． T_______ are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of
vibration of the vocal cords and which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes.
41． Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of
stress: word stress and s_________ stress.
III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the
choice that can best complete the statement:
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浙江外国语学院英文学院 《英语语言学概论》复习题集
1. The study of the physical properties of speech sounds is called ________ phonetics. A. acoustic B. articulatory C. auditory D. allomorphic 2. The sound /f/ is _________________.
A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveolar stop C. voiceless velar fricative D. voiceless labiodental fricative 3． Of all the speech organs, the _______ is/ are the most flexible.
A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords
4．The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds. A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal 5．__________ is a voiced alveolar stop.
A. /z/ B. /d/ C. /k/ D./b/
6．The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of
a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____________. A. identical B. same
C. exactly alike D. similar they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.
7. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and A. in phonemic contrast B. in complementary distribution
C. the allophones D. minimal pair
8．The sound /f/ is _________________.
A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveolar stop
C. voiceless velar fricative D. voiceless labiodental fricative 9. A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
A. back B. central
C. front D. middle 10. Palatal semi-vowel refers to the sound . A. [n] B. [h] C. [w] D. [j]
11. A phoneme is a group of phonetically similar sounds called . A. minimal pairs B. allomorphs C. phones D. allophones
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浙江外国语学院英文学院 《英语语言学概论》复习题集
12. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ____________.
A. phonetic components B. immediate constituents
C. suprasegmental features D. semantic features collection of distinctive phonetic features.
13. A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a A. phone B. sound
C. allophone D. phoneme
14．The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic
environments are called the ____ of that phoneme. A. phones B. sounds C. phonemes D. allophones
15. A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
A. back B. central C. front D. middle
16. The sounds that begin and end the words church and judge are voiceless and voiced _______, respectively.( C )
A. stops B. fricatives C. affricates D. plosives
IV. Answer the following question: 1. How are the English consonants classified?
2. Explain with examples the sequential rule, and the assimilation rule in phonology.
Chapter 3：Morphology
I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:
1. Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.
2. Words are the smallest meaningful units of language.
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浙江外国语学院英文学院 《英语语言学概论》复习题集
3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology.
4. The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes.
5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes.
6. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.
7. Almost every word in every language is composed of one or more morphemes. 8. The allomorph is an abstract unit.
9. The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.
10. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it.
11. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words.
12. Phonetically, the stress of a compound often falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.
13. In English, inflectional affixes are mostly prefixes.
14. The meaning of a compound is the combination of the meanings of the words in the compound.
II. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given: 1. R is the part of the word left when all the affixes are removed. 2. M ____ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.
3. B___________ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. 4. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and d__________ affixes.
5. A s______ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may case change its part of speech.
6. C__________ is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words.
7. The word snowfall is a word formed by joining two separate words, i.e. “snow” and
“fall.” This newly formed word is generally regarded as a c_______.
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《新编简明英语语言学教程》1-6章复习题集
