Module 3 Literature Section Ⅲ Grammar-倒装和强调句
语法图解
探究发现
①Here are some new magazines.
②In the middle of the room was a table.
③Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.
④Not until at least thirty seconds had passed, was the man able to speak. ⑤No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.
⑥Never have I heard anything like it.
⑦Only after the war did he learn the sad news. ⑧It was Oliver Twist who was chosen. [我的发现]
(1)以上句中，①②句中谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装。③⑦句中谓语的一部分放在主语之前，为部分倒装。
(2)由③⑥句可知，具有否定意义的副词(词组)位于句首，句子要部分倒装。 (3)由⑦句可知，当only位于句首，且修饰状语或状语从句时，主句要部分倒装。 (4)⑧句为强调句型，其构成为It_is/was＋被强调部分＋who/that＋句子其他成分。
一、倒装
在英语中，有时为了强调或为了保持句子的平衡，把谓语的一部分或整个谓语提到主语之前，这就是倒装。就其形式来说，分为两种：一种是把整个谓语放在主语之前，即全部倒装；另一种是把谓语的一部分，即助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，即部分倒装。
1．全部倒装
(1)here, there, now, then, away, down, in, off, out等副词位于句首且句子主语为名词时，用全部倒装。
Now comes the chance. 现在机会来了。
There stands a leaning tower in the city of Pisa. 比萨城内矗立着一座斜塔。 Up went the arrow into the air. 箭射上了天。
[名师点津] 上述结构中，若主语句子是代词时，则不用倒装；而且在这类句子中句子的谓语动词多为go, come, rush, run, fly等。
Here he comes. 他来了。
(2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，句子要全部倒装。 By the river stands a big paper-making factory. 河边有一家大型造纸厂。
(3)为使上下文衔接紧密或保持句子平衡，常把作表语的形容词、副词、分词等提到句首，且句子全部倒装。
Gone are the days when people were at the mercy of weather. 人们靠天吃饭的日子一去不复返了。 [即时演练1] 完成句子(使用倒装形式) ①Now comes_your_turn (轮到你了)．
②Out_rushed_the_boys (男孩们就冲出去了) when the bell rang. ③In the front of the stage stood_a_singer (站着一位歌唱家)． ④South of the city lies_a_factory (坐落着一家工厂)． ⑤Present
at
the
meeting
are_Professor_White,_Professor_Smith_and_many_other_guests (有怀特教授、史密斯教授和其他许多客人)．
⑥Lying on the floor was_a_boy (是一个男孩儿) aged about ten. ⑦There goes_the_bell (铃响了)．
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⑧The door opened and in came_our_headmaster (校长进来了)． 2．部分倒装
(1)当only修饰状语(副词或介词短语)或状语从句且位于句首时，用部分倒装。 Only in the morning can you meet him. 你只有在早晨能见到他。
(2)never, seldom, by no means, not until, in no way等具有否定意义的副词(短语)放在句首时，用部分倒装。
Little did I know about it. 我对它了解得不多。
[名师点津] only修饰的如果是句子的主语，或者修饰状语但不位于句首，不用倒装语序。
Only you know my secret. 只有你知道我的秘密。
She finished the work only yesterday. 她昨天才完成工作的。
(3)在“so/such ...that ...”句型中，so/such ...置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 So interesting is that story that everyone wants to read it. 那个故事那么有趣，大家都想看。
(4)not only ... but also ... , no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ... 中， not only, no sooner, hardly/scarcely位于句首时，其后的句子要部分倒装。
Not only did he come, but also he brought us the good news. 他不但来了，而且给我们带来了好消息。
(5)as引导的让步状语从句必须部分倒装，though引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。两者的倒装形式为“形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”。
Carefully as/though he worked, he made some mistakes. 尽管他工作很细心，但还是出了些差错。
[名师点津] 如果将单数可数名词提前，则不用冠词。
(6)在含有were, should或had的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if，把were, should或had提前，构成倒装。
Were he here, we would have no difficulty with it. 要是他在这儿的话，我们就不会有难处了。
(7)“so/nor/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”属于部分倒装，该结构表示前面所述情况也适用于另一主语。
—Tom can speak Chinese.
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—So can Mary. ——汤姆会讲汉语。 ——玛丽也会。
He didn’t go out yesterday, neither did I. 昨天他没出去，我也没出去。
[名师点津] “so＋主语＋助动词/be动词/情态动词”结构则表示对别人所说的话加以肯定，译作“确实，正是”。
—Wei Fang went to the cinema last night. —So she did.
——魏芳昨晚去看电影了。 ——她的确去看电影了。 [巧学助记] 部分倒装口诀
副词开头要倒装，人称代词非如常； only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装； 否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装； 表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装； such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装； not only开头句，前一分句须倒装； had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。
[即时演练2] (1)句型转换
①Although you might try, you can’t make up for the lost time. →Tryas/thoughyoumight,_you can’t make up for the lost time. ②They worked so hard that they finished their work ahead of time. →So hard didtheywork that they finished their work ahead of time. ③I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework last night. →Not until I finished my homework last night didIgo to bed. ④I had hardly arrived when I had a new problem to deal with. →Hardly hadIarrived when I had a new problem to deal with.
⑤Shakespeare was not only a famous playwright, but he was also an excellent actor.
→Notonlywas Shakespeare a famous playwright, but he was also an excellent actor.
⑥If I had known that earlier, I wouldn’t have been to the dining hall.
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→HadIknown that earlier, I wouldn’t have been to the dining hall. ⑦I had no sooner reached home than it poured down. →No sooner hadIreached home than it poured down.
⑧He realized what had happened only when he returned home. →Only when he returned home didherealize what had happened. (2)单句改错
①I’m not interested in physics.So is he.So→Neither/Nor ②Did you come yesterday, you would have seen him. Did→Had ③So would be our home in the future.So→Such 二、强调句
1．强调句的基本构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋who/that＋其他。指人时可用who或that，其他一律用that。
It was Tom who led the way.(强调主语) 是汤姆带的路。
It was Mr Green who/that I spoke to.(强调宾语) 我是跟格林先生说的话。
It is in the park that we take a walk.(强调地点状语) 我们是在公园里散步的。
It was in 1939 that the Second World War broke out.(强调时间状语) 第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。
[名师点津] (1)强调句用来强调除谓语之外的句子成分。(2)如果句子用的是过去的某种时态，强调结构中就用was；如果句子用的是现在的某种时态，强调结构中就用is。
2．强调句的疑问句
(1)一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他成分？ Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? 第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
(2)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was ＋it ＋that＋句子的其他成分？ Where was it that you picked up the wallet? 你是在哪里捡到这个钱包的？
3．强调not ... until句型：It is/was not until ＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。 It was not until you told me yesterday that I realized all my mistakes. 直到昨天你告诉我我才意识到全部错误。
4．强调句的判断方式：把It is/was ... that/who ... 去掉，如果剩下的成分能组成完整的句子，就是强调句型。
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2017-2018学年高中英语 Module 3 Literature Section Ⅲ Gram
