“过去分词”考点解读
从近年的高考试题中我们能够看到，非谓语动词一直是考试的热点，而对过去分词的考查则是热点中的重点。所以在平时的备考中，我们对过去分词的相关知识有必要作系统的了解。
一、基本特征 关键词 ： 过去 完成
过去分词一般由“V+ed”构成，不规则动词的过去分词没有统一标准。过去分词表“被动、完成”。“被动、完成”四字是该语法的关键词，也是处理该语法的基本工具。
二、基本用法 1.作表语 [真题回放]
Please remain ______ until the plane has come to a complete stop.(2007山东26) A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated
解析：答案D。remain作为连系动词，后接形容词。本题中seated作为形容词性的过去分词，表示主语所处的状态。
[要点概述]
过去分词作表语通常表示主语的状态，有时含有被动的意味。特别当主语是指人时，作表语常用过去分词，意思是“某人感到……”；当主语是指物时，作表语常用现在分词，意思是“某物令人……的”。类似的动词有：amuse, bore, disappoint, excite, frighten, freeze, inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch…
The glass is broken. 杯子破了。（表状态，含有被动的意味。） The news was disappointing. We were all disappointed. 那则新闻是令人失望的，我们对它感到失望。 [即学即练]
① As we joined the big crowd I got _______ from my friends. (2001NMET) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
②The students, who were ______ at the way the question was put, didn’t know how to answer it.
A. being surprised B. surprising C. surprised D. having surprised 解析：答案①A。separated表主语的状态，“分开了”；②C。主语对提出的问题“感到吃惊”。
2.作定语 [真题回放]
① “Things ______never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.(2007湖
南34)
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost 解析：答案A。指“已经丢失的”。
②Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ____one.(2007全国II，10)
A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known 解析：答案C。从题意可知，应为“最出名的”。 [要点概述]
（1）作定语的过去分词表被动、表完成。
（2）单个分词修饰名词，置于名词前；置于名词后的分词主要有三种情况：a.分词短语；b.分词是given, left等；c.分词用来修饰不定代词something, nothing, somebody, all等。
He is a man loved and respected by all. 他受所有人的爱戴和尊敬。 This is the question given. 这就是被给出的问题。 There is nothing left. 没有什么剩下的了。 [即学即练]
①The first textbook _____ for teaching English as foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
②The man ______ of shooting 6 school children was caught by Beijing police, the Xinhua news agency reported on Friday.
A. being suspected B. suspecting C. suspected D. to be suspected
③The Town Hall _____ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. (2007上海36)
A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed 解析：①答案D。written作textbook的定语，有动宾关系；②答案C。suspected作定语，表“被动”; ③答案C。completed表被动，不强调时间，强调事实；B. having been completed，应用于强调时间有先后关系，重点强调动作或行为。
3.作状语 [真题回放]
① _______ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. (2007浙江20)
A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven
解析：答案A。driven 与主语farmers有动宾关系，作原因状语，不强调时间先后，D不恰当。
②The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ______ every day. (2007四川35)
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water 解析：答案A。watered与主语flowers有动宾关系，作条件状语，相当于unless they are watered。
③The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____for the day.(2007重庆25) A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 解析：答案B。独立主格作原因状语，finish与homework有动宾关系。 [要点概述]
（1）过去分词作状语要求分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致，并且分词和主语间有动宾关系。
Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
哈佛大学始建于1636年，是美国著名的大学之一。 Moved by his words, I accepted his present. 被他的话所感动，我接受了他的礼物。
United we stand, divided we fail. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
（2）由“after, before, since, when, while, though, whenever, even if, once, until, unless, thus等+过去分词”引起的时间、条件、结果状语，可视为“连词+主语+系动词+过去分词”的省略形式，这在考试中是最常见的问题。
If heated to a high temperature, water will change to vapor.
→If (water is ) heated to a high temperature, water will change to vapor. 如果水被加热到高温，它会变成水蒸气。
When asked again whether he agreed to our plan, he just remained silent, sitting still.
→When (he was) asked again whether he agreed to our plan, he just remained silent, sitting still.
当被问及他是否同意我们的计划时，他保持沉默，坐在那儿不动。
（3）现在分词完成时的被动形式与过去分词都可作状语和定语，但现在分词完成时的被动语态强调时间的先后，重点是某个动作发生之后，另一个动作或现象发生；而过去分词不强调时间先后问题，重点是某事情所处的状态。
Criticized by the teacher, Li Ming was very angry.
被老师批评了，李明非常生气。 （强调“被批评”这个事实，做原因状语） Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming was very angry. 被老师批评后，李明非常生气。（强调“被批评之后”，有时间先后顺序） Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 多次被告之，他还是犯同样的错误。（强调先有“多次被告之”，作让步状语） （4）过去分词的逻辑主语如果与主句的主语不相同，则使用独立主格结构。
即：“（with）+名词/代词+过去分词”,其中过去分词与逻辑主语有动宾关系。
The girl lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head. 那儿女孩仰卧着，双手交叉枕在头下。
With her homework done, Mary decided to go shopping. 做完作业后，玛丽决定去购物。 [即学即练]
①John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it. (2007安徽29) A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished ②After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ______. A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled ③The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied ④______ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given ⑤_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
解析： ①A。独立主格作原因状语；②D。regard…as是固定搭配，as后省略it had been; ③D; ④A。过去分词作条件状语，相当于If trees are given more attention; ⑤C。过去分词作时间状语。 4.作宾语补足语 [真题回放]
①Jenny hoped that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _______ in a short period. (2007福建24) A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
解析：答案A。have是使役动词，improved与written English有动宾关系。 ②He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures. (2007江苏30) A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest 解析：答案A。make为使役动词，interested作them的宾语补足语，“使他们感到……”。 [要点概述]
过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动、完成，用来说明宾语所处的状态。能带宾语补足语的谓语动词主要有三类。 （1）表示“感觉、心态”：see, hear, watch, feel, think, notice… （2）表示“使役”：make, have, get, keep, help … （3）表示“愿望、希望、要求”：like, want, wish, expect, order…
I felt myself knocked down. 我感觉自己被撞倒了。
He was trying hard to make himself understood. 他努力让别人明白他的意思。 I want the house painted before we move in. 我希望在我们搬进去之前，房子能刷好。 [即学即练]
①Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight ______ off her mind. A. taking B. taken C. take D. to be taken
②Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had _____ went wrong again. A. it repaired B. to be repaired C. repair D. repaired ③ You will find the word “humidity” ______ under “H” in any dictionary. A. has listed B. listed C. list D. listing
解析：①B。felt是感官动词，taken 与weight有动宾关系；②D。had是使役动词，repaired与washing machine有动宾关系；③B。 三、巩固训练 I.单项选择：
1.The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular with the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
2. The students, ______ at the way the question was put, didn’t know how to answer it. A. being surprised B. surprising C. surprised D. having surprised 3. Look at the note_____ to the door, you will see that someone paid a visit when we are away.
A. pinning B. pinned C. being pinned D. is pinned 4. I was very _____ to find all the tickets had been sold out when I got there. A. disappoint B. to disappoint C. disappointing D. disappointed 5.--- A woman was killed.
--- Where is the body of the ______ woman?
A. murder B. murdered C. murdering D. having murdered 6. ______ English is as important as ______ English. A Written; spoken B. Writing; spoke C. To write; speaking D. Written; speaking
7. With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked： “Who did that?” A. pointing; broken B. pointed; broken C. pointing; breaking D. pointed; breaking 8. Your umbrella wants ______. Do you want it ______? A. repairing; repairing B. repairing; repaired
“过去分词”考点解读
