中考英语选词填空试题解题指导 选词填空型“完形填空”是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空,词序打乱,让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词的一种考查形式。要完成好这类题,做到事半功倍,需要掌握一定的方法与技巧。 1.在拿到题目后,不要急于看文章,首先对备选的词汇研究几遍,对词性作简单的标记,例如:名词-n.,动词-v.,形容词-a.,副词-ad. 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。 2.统览全局,把握大意。要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定。只有了解了短文的大意,把握了全局才能主导方向,从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子,缩小词的选择范围。 3.根据语法,判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性。进一步缩小词的选择范围,从而正确地选词。 4.利用语境,确定词形。当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的-ing形式;名词的数和所有格;代词的各种形式及单复数;形容词、副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。在填词过程中,需要瞻前顾后,既要符合本句的含义,又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时,要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如:match-matches, friend-friend's/friends'。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词,例如:sun-sunny, use-useful/useless/used, danger-dangerous 在遇到动词时,要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式- to do, 现在分词-doing, 过去分词-done, 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done?) 形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或最高级,还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑,例如:interesting-more /the most interesting, happy-happily,happy -happiness; 填入代词时,需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法 数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法,例如:three-third, 2/3-two thirds, one thousand/thousands of 冠词只需要在 a或an之间判别,如a girl/an old man; 当遇到介词和连词时,就更简单,只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配,填入即可。为了方便记忆,试着记住下面的顺口溜:空前空后要注意,“名词”单复数要牢记,还有 's 不能弃,“动词”注意要变形,“形副”注意要用三种级,要填“数词”请留意,千万别忘 “基” 和“序”,填入“代词”需慎重,五格变化要谨记。 5.复读全文,验正答案。填完单词后,不可孤立地逐个检查词,而必须将所有填入的词代入文章中,复读全文,仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容,读起来是否流畅,是否合乎句法,单词拼写是否有误,单词形式是否正确等。发现问题及时更正。通过再读全文,很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口“读”出来。
[举例分析] 先阅读短文,掌握其大意。然后从方框中所给的词中选出最恰当的10个,并用其适当形式填空,每个词限用一次。 French, same, words, Chinese, example, many, why, great, much, what, another, tell
Languages change with time and the world. So does English. New __1__ are borrowed from other languages. About nine hundred years ago there were __2__ changes in England. A great __3__ words were borrowed into English from __4__. About five hundred years ago there was __5__ change. This time it was a change in pronunciation(发音), but the spelling was not __6__ changed. English words are spelled quite the __7__ as they were in those days. The spelling shows how words were spoken at that time. It does not __8__ us much about the pronunciation of words today. For __9__, the letters “gh” in the word “night” show us nothing about how it is spoken now. That’s __10__ students learning English find English spelling so confusing(容易弄混淆的).
[答案简析] 通过阅读,我们知道这是一篇关于英语词汇和读音的演变。1. words。意思是“一些新的词汇是借用于其他语言”。 2. great。“巨大的变化”为great change。 3. many。words为可数名词的复数形式,用many修饰。 4. French。从前文?were borrowed into English from?可知应填French(法语)。 5. another。大约500年前,英语又发生了变化。 6. much。英语发音虽然有了变化,但拼写没有太多的变化。 7. same。拼写还是和原来相同。 8. tell。前一句用shows,很显然,此处应用tell表示“告诉”。 9. example。这里是在举例子。For example意为“例如”。 10. why。由于英语在拼写方面没有太大的变化,而在读音上发生了变化。这就是学英语的学生拼写容易出错的原因。 Exercise:A.短文填空,从下面方框中选出10个单词,用它们的适当形式填入短文空格内,使短文意思正确、通顺。(注意:每词限用一次,其中有两词多余)
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(enjoy,live,quiet,tired,small,dinner,behind,interesting,not,walk,no,take) Do you know Sun Garden?Sun Garden in good place ( ) in.It's a very ( ) district.It's ( ) on the busy street.If you are ( ) after work, you can ( ) the district's quietness here.And there is a ( )park near here.In the morning or after( ) you can ( ) through the park. ( ) the park is a bookstore.There are lots of ( ) books in the store.So you can often see lots of people reading books in the park. B: feel ,give ,turn,work ,help ,waiter ,thing ,nearly ,he ,only ,else, one. A woman was eating in a restaurant. She asked the waiter to do many (1)________for her. Now she was (2) ________the waiter a lot of trouble. (3) ________, she asked the waiter to turn on the air conditioner(空调)because she (4) _________too hot. Then she asked him to (5) ________it off because she was too cold. This went on and on for (6) ________half an hour. But the waiter was very kind and (7) _________ .He did everything the woman asked (8) ________ to do without getting angry. Finally, someone (9) ________ in the restaurant asked why the (10) ________ didn’t just throw the woman out. “Oh, I don’t care.” the waiter said, Smiling. “We don’t even have an air conditioner.”
C.call , swim , anything , clever , bear , can , his , give , girl , something , read , take Many years ago , there was a family ___1___ Franklin . They lived in Boston . There were five ___2___ and six boys in the family . On a January day in 1760 , another baby boy ___3___ . They boy’s mother and his father ___4___ the boy a name — Benjamin . Benjamin was the ___5___ of all the children . He could read when he was five and he ___6___ write by the time he was seven . When he was eight he was sent to school . In school Benjamin had been good at ___7___ and writing but not good at maths . He read all of ___8___ father’s books . And whenever (每当)he had a little money , he bought a book with it . He liked books . They told him how to do ___9___ . At that time he invented the paddles (脚蹼)for ___10___ .\\ D:need , animal , I , put , make , except , find , end , look , since , little , enough Let me tell you a story . A good friend of ___1___ lives with six hundred animals on an island . Ever ___2___ he left school , he has travelled all over the world ___3___ for animals for his own zoo . He writes books about his travels , and about his wonderful ___4___ . The money for his books helps him to pay for all the animal food . My friend told me that when he was looking for water last week (There is not enough water on the island , though there is a lot all around it ) , he ___5___ oil (石油) . He ___6___ money for his travels and for his zoo , and a little oil would buy ___7___ water for a long time , but he knows that if he tells anybody else about it , it will be the ___8___ of his zoo and his life’s work . So I think he will not tell anybody ___9___ you and me about what he found — because oil and water can’t ___10___ together . Oil may bring greater trouble to his animals than not having enough water . Do you think so ? E:Leaf, then ,large ,learn ,ones, grow ,Thick ,has, mean ,first, easy ,begin . Everybody loves oranges .They are sweet and juicy. They’re in sections, so it is 1 to eat them. Some or anges do not have any seeds. Some have a 2 skin, and some have a thin skin. The orange tree is beautiful .It has a lot of shiny green 3 The small white flowers smell very sweet. An orange tree 4 flowers and fruit at the same time. There were orange trees twenty million years ago .The oranges were very small, not like the 5 today. The orange tree probably came from China. Many different kinds of wild oranges 6 in China today. The Chinese started to raise(栽培) orange treees about 4,400 years ago. Farmers in other parts of Asia and the Middle East 7 to raise oranges from the chinese . 8 they taught Europeans. The Spainish planted orange trees in the New Wold (North and South America). They took them to Florida 9 . Oranges are a very important crop in Florida Today. In English, orange 10 both a fruit and a color. We use the name of the fruit for the color. KEY: A. live quiet not tired enjoy small dinner walk Behind interesting B: 1. things 2. giving 3. First 4. felt 5. turn 6. nearly 7. helpful 8. him 9. else 10. Waiter C: 1. called 2. girls 3. was born 4. gave 5. cleverest 6. could 7. reading 8. his 9. something 10. Swimming D: 1. mine 2. since 3. looking 4. animals 5. found 6. needs 7. enough 8. end 9. except 10. be put E: 1. easy 2. thick. 3. leaves 4. has. 5.ones. 6.grow. 7. learned\\learnt 8.Then 9.first . 10.means. ( 1 ) well , soft, second ,better , may , strongly, afraid, sand , stay up, if, now, house We can’t stop an earthquake(地震), but we can do things to make sure they don’t destroy(毁坏) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 .________ idea to build houses along lines where 2. ________ of the earth’s plates(板块) join together. Second, if you think there 3. ________ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. ________. Third, you must make the houses as 5. ________ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. ________ . . Scientists are 7.
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________ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(旧金山) . They call it “ The Big One ”. However, people today are still building more 8. ________ . The population in and around San Francisco is 9. ________ ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10. ________ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed. ( 2 ) forget, bring,mend,beside,luck,pick,same,differently, I ,every , stop,each Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 ________ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 ________ there. One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 ________ to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _______ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 ________ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 ________ by the man. He said angrily, “That’s 7________ !” Mr. Brown’ s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once. When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 ________ of them, he said, “You’ve mended them very well.” In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 ________ man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, “You’ve had a 10 ________ day,” he said. ( 3 ) not speak, call , idea, and, what, garden, hear , quiet , do ,eat , name, say A farmer saw an old man growing something on the other side of the river. The farmer 1. ________ out to him, “ What are you growing , Grandpa? ” The old man 2 . ________ for a moment, then said, “Swim over 3. ________ I’ll tell you.” The farmer didn’t like the 4. ________ of swimming across the river. But he wanted to know 5. ________ the old man was doing. He swam over. The old man said very 6. ________ in his ear, “ I’m planting peas in my 7. ________ .” “ You should have shouted. I would have 8. ________ quite clearly on that side.” Said the farmer. “ Oh, no, I wouldn’t 9. ________ that . The sparrows would have heard me and 10. ________ my peas.” ( 4 ) telephone , for, lose, so, strong, clever, somebody, good, happy, outside, everybody, at Mrs Andrews had a young cat, and it was the cat’s first winter. One evening it was 1.________ when it began to snow heavily. Mrs Andrews looked 2. ________it everywhere and shouted its name, but she did not find it, 3. ________ she telephone the police and said, “ I have 4. ________ a small black cat. Has 5. ________ found one? ” “ No,madam, ” said the policeman at the other end, “ But cats are really very 6. ________ animals. They sometimes live for days in the snow, and when it melts (融化) or somebody finds them, they are quite 7. ________ .” Mrs Andrews felt 8. ________ when she heard this. “ And ,” she said, “ Our cat is very 9. ________. She almost talks. ” The policeman was getting tired, “Well then, ” he said “ Why don’t you put your 10.________ down? Maybe she is trying to telephone you now. ” ( 5 ) tell, hear, listen to , guard, drum, much, fly , army, with, other, way , instruction Here are some old ways to sending messages. An Egyptian(埃及人) put his ear to the ground. He 1 . ________ the horses coming this way. He ran to 2. ________ his people . He was a 3. ________ . That was one way for Egyptians to send messages. People in 4.________ countries sent message, too. When enemies came, one man beat his drum. In the next village people heard the drum and beat their drums, too. The messages went from village to village by 5.________ . Much 6. ________ , some armies (军队) kept many pigeons(鸽子) . These pigeons always 7. ________ back. When a soldier was sent far away from his own 8. ________ , he might take a pigeon along. He could tie a message to the bird’s leg. It would fly back 9. ________ the soldier’s message. These are shown ways to send messages. Can you think of more 10. ________? ( 6 ) before, discover , fast, in, come, watch , so, fastly, it, ago , shine, not can Light travels at a speed(速度) which is about a million times 1 . ________ than that of sound. 2. ________ one second, light travels about 300,000 kilometers, but sound travels only 340 meters. You can get some idea of this difference by 3. ________ the start of a running match. If you stand far away from the starter(发令员), you can see smoke 4.________ from his gun 5.________ the sound reaches your ears. The fast speed of light produces some strange facts. The nearest star is 6. ________ far away that light which you can see from it tonight started to travel to you four years 7. ________ at a speed of nearly two million kilometers every minute. The light from some of tonight’s started on 8. ________ journey towards you even before you were born. So, if we want to be honest(诚实), we 9. ________ say , “ The stars are shining brightly tonight.” We have to say, “ The stars look nice. They were 10. ________ four years ago but their light has just reached our earth. ” ( 7 ) happy, interest, problem, never, get away, eye, run , tire, have, miss ,catch, think A man
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was sitting in the doctor’s office. He was telling the doctor about his 1 . ________ . “I like football, Doctor.” He said, “ Please help me. My life has 2. ________ been a good one since I became 3. ________ in football and it is getting worse and worse. I can’t even 4.________ from it in my sleep. When I close my 5.________, I’m out there in the football field and 6. ________ after a flying ball. When I wake up, I’m more 7. ________than I was before I went to bed. What am I going to do? ” The doctor sat back and said, “ First of all, you 8. ________ to do your best not to dream(做梦) about football. Before you fall asleep, try to 9. ________about something else. Try to think that you are at a party and someone is going to give you several million dollars.” “ Are you crazy (疯了) ?” the man shouted, “ I’ll 10. ________ the ball !” ( 8 ) other, move, enough, find ,desert, make, use , another, friend , carry , trouble, friend You may think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. In the desert we can 1._______ stones. We can see hills, too. There is a little rain in the 2.________, but it is not 3. ______ for most plants. The animals are 4. _______ to the desert people in many ways. The desert people eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals. They use their skins to 5. ________ shoes, water bags and even tents(帐篷). They use the camels(骆驼) for 6. _______ things. The people of the desert have to keep 7. _______ from places to place. They must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in the tents. When there is mo more food for their animals, they take down their tents, put them on the camels and move to 8. _______ place. The desert people are very 9. _______. No man in the desert would ever refuse to help the people in 10._______ and give them food and water. ( 9 ) how, they ,winter, summer spend, care , dance , take, show , open , only, good The world of the out-of doors is full of secrets. And 1. ________ are so interesting that quite a lot of people are busy studying them. All around us are birds, animals, trees and flowers. The facts about 2.________ they live and grow are as interesting as anything could be. Do you know that one of the great presidents of the United States 3 ________ hours and hours studying birds? A businessman who lives near New York City became so interested in insects(昆虫) that he began to collect them. He now has more than one thousand different kinds 4. ________ kept in the glass boxes. Come then with me, and I will help you find some of Nature’s secrets. Let us go quietly through the woods and fields. Here we shall find how a rabbit tells the other rabbits that there is danger. We shall follow a mother bear and her young ones as they search for food and get ready for 5. ________ sleep. We shall watch bees 6. ________ in the air to let other bees know where they can find food. I will 7.________ you many other interesting things, but the 8. ________ thing that I can teach you is to keep your eyes and ears 9.________ when you go out of doors. Nature tells her secrets 10.________ to people who look and listen carefully. ( 10 ) two, sudden , cold, teach, in surprise, French, hot, beard, photo, office, passport, China Mr Hill arrives at London Airport, at the end of a three-week holiday in 1. ________. Usually he wears a beard(蓄着胡须). Since it has been 2.________ there, he has taken it off (剃掉). But his passport photo shows him with his 3. ________. An officer looks at the 4. ________for a moment, and says,\photo to a second 5.________, and says: \6. ________ and asks where Mr Hill has come from. When he hears that Mr Hill has arrived back from Paris, the 7.________ officer smiles and says: \just the kind of man...\ 8.________ it comes to the first officer who Mr Hill is. He returns to him, and asks: \officer smiles and says: \ ( 11 ) how, much, safe, thank, play , be, invent , no, so , interest, must , ask Thomas Edison was a great American 1.________ . When he was a child, he was always 2.________ questions and trying out new ideas. No matter 3.________ hard it was, he never gave up. Young Tom was in school for only three months. His teacher didn’t understand why he had 4.________ many strange questions. Most of them were not about his lessons. The teacher didn’t want to teach Tom any 5.________ . He asked Tom’s mother to take the boy home. Tom’s mother taught him to read and write, and she found him 6.________ a very good pupil. He learnt very fast and became very 7.________ in science. One day , he saw a little boy 8.________ on the railway tracks at a station. A train was coming near quiclly, and the boy was too frightened to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy to 9 .________. The boy’s father was so 10.________ that he taught Edison to send messages by telegraph. ( 12 ) as, sleep ,dream, like, again, about, think, must, wake up, quick,
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much ,why \梦 ) may be more important than sleep. We all need to dream,\ Dreams take up about one quarter of our 1 .________ time. People have several 2. ________each night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in colour. Some dreams are 3. ________ old films. They come to us over and over 4. ________. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer. Some people get new ideas 5. ________ their work from dreams. They may have been 6. ________ about their work all day. These thoughts can carry over into dreams. Sometimes we 7. ________ with a good feeling from a dream. But often we can't remember the dream. Dreams can disappear (消失) 8. ________ from memory (记忆). Too much dreaming can be harmful (有害的). The 9. ________ we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is hard at work when we dream. That is 10. ________ we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired. ( 13 ) see, looked for, hunt , dog ,kill , wolf ,die, tear , remind , back , hunt , his, remember More than seven hundred years ago, the Prince of Wales had a very big and brave dog called Gelert. One day the Prince wanted to go 1. ________ with his men. He told his 2. ________ to stay at home and look after his baby son. The baby was in a wooden cradle (摇篮), which was like a small bed. When the Prince came back from hunting, Gelert ran out to meet his master. He wagged his tail and jumped up to put his paws (前爪)on the Prince's chest. Then the Prince saw the blood on Gelert's jaws and head. \cradle was lying on its side on the floor. The clothes were torn and there was blood on them. \killed my son?\(剑) and 4. ________ the dog. Just as Gelert was 5. ________ , he managed to bark. Then the Prince heard a baby call to the dog. The Prince ran out of the house and saw his son lying on the ground unhurt. Near him was a dead 6. ________. Then the Prince knew that Gelert had defended(保卫) the baby and killed the wolf. The Prince ran 7. ________ into the house but he was too late. Gelert was dead. The Prince was very sad indeed. 8. ________ ran down his face when he realized 'he had killed 9. ________faithful friend. The Prince carried the body of his brave dog to the top of a mountain and buried him there. After this, the Prince never smiled again. Every morning at dawn, he walked up the mountain and stood by the dog's grave for a few minutes. If you go to Mount Snowdon in Wales, people will show you where Gelert is buried. There is a sign by his grave. It 10. ________people of a brave and faithful dog. ( 14 ) and ,receive , satellite , weather , change ,help, or , early , for, when, forecast , star Satellites Forecast the Weather Now satellites are helping to forecast (预报) the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The 1.________ take pictures of the atmosphere (大气), because this is where the weather forms (形成). They send these pictures to the 2. ________ station. So the scientists there can see the weather of any part of the world and tell how the weather will change. Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries can 3. ________ satellite pictures. 4. ________they receive the new pictures, they compare (比较) them with the earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have 5. ________ during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather 6. ________, they can tell people about it. So the weather satellites are of a great 7. ________ to the scientists at the station. In the past they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours 8. ________. Now they can make good forecasts for three 9 ________ five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather 10. ________ a week or more ahead. ( 15 ) have, study , happy ,leave, coffee, message, on , must , next ,arrive, go , she Catherine was a famous writer of children's stories. She lived in a fine old house in a small town near London. Often she worked at home, in her quiet 1.________.Long before her books became popular, she had tried to teach 2 how to use a computer. And now she typed(打字)all her stories on her computer. But sometimes she had to 3 the house to get some books from the library or have a meeting. She didn't like being away because she was worried about burglar(盗贼).So she was very careful. Just before leaving, she always put a full cup of coffee on the writing desk, and left the radio playing to make a burglar think someone 4 be at home. One day she came back after a day out, and found that there was something different in her house. There was only a little 5. lift in the cup, and the radio was off. But when she looked at her computer, she saw it was 6. , and someone had typed in a new story. She had no idea who had got in, or how, because none of the doors or windows was broken. Then she sat down to read the story. To her surprise, it was a very good one. %use it in my 7. book!\ . The next month she had to go to London. She put a cup of coffee and a plate
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英语选词填空(要整理)
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