ڶ Ԫ
ʱ1 ԪʵԱ仯
չ Ŀ 1.йݺʵʵʶԭӺŲԪصĻϼۣԭӰ뾶Ա仯ɣѧ֤ѧ̽ĺ 2ԵԪΪʶͬԪصĽԡǽԵԱ仯ɣѧʵ̽ģ֪ĺ
һԪصԭӺŲԭӰ뾶Ԫػϼ۵ı仯 1ԭӽṹı仯
ԭ 12 310 1118 Ӳ 1 2 3 12 18 18 ﵽȶṹʱ 2 8 8 ϵ ۣԭĵԪԭӺĵŲԵı仯 2.ԭӰ뾶ı仯 310Ԫ Li Be B C N O F Ne 1/13
ԭӰ뾶/pm 152 89 82 77 75 74 71 DDDDD С 1118Ԫ ԭӰ뾶/pm 仯 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 186 160 143 117 110 102 99 DDDDD С ۣԭĵԪԭӵİ뾶Ա仯 3.ԪҪϼ۵ı仯 ԭ 12 310 Ҫϼ۵ı仯 1D0 1D5 4D1D0 1D7 4D1D0 1118 ۣԭĵԪصҪϼ۳Ա仯 ע⣺OFһۡ Ԫʵĵݱ 1ơþˮķӦ þ ʵ ʵ ۳Сˮ棬ĴζС˻˻ӦҺӷ̪ ǰþ渽ɫݣںн϶ɫðμӷ̪ҺΪ2/13
ɫ Ӧԭ 2Na2H2O===2NaOHH2 Mg2H2O=====Mg(OH)2H2 ơþˮӦƱþãԣNa>Mg 2.Al(OH)3Ʊ (1)ʵ̽
AlCl3ҺмˮΪɫӦӷʽH2O===Al(OH)33NHΪAl33NH34
ڽʵõijװ֧ԹУһ֧ԹмᣬΪɫܽ⣬ӷʽΪAl(OH)33H===Al33H2Oһ֧ԹмNaOHҺΪɫܽ⣬ӷʽΪAl(OH)3OH
===AlO22H2O
MgCl2ҺNaOHҺɫӷʽΪMg22OH===Mg(OH)2
(2)ᷴӦǿӦҾκˮ
3ơþӦˮļ
ǿ NaOH ǿ Mg(OH)2 ǿ() Al(OH)3 NaOH>Mg(OH)2>Al(OH)3 ԣNa>Mg>Al 4.SiPSClķǽԵĵݱ Ӧ ж ӦˮSi P ܷӦ S Cl ջȼ ѵ˳ΪSi
H2SO4>H3PO4>H2SiO3 3/13
5.ͬԪʵݱ Na Mg Al Si P S Cl DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
ǽǿ
ɣͬԪشңԭӰ뾶Сʧõǿʽǽǿ
(1)ʵAl(OH)3ʱһѡðˮѡNaOHҺԭ
ʲô
(2)ʲôԼԼMgCl2AlCl3Һ
[ʾ] (1)Al(OH)3NaOHÿNaOH (2)NaOHҺ Ԫ
1ݣԪصԭĵԱ仯Ĺɡ 2ʵʣԪʵԱ仯ԪԭӺŲԵı仯ıȻ
㲦ԪصһԭӰ뾶ϼۡԺͷǽԡ
1ж(ȷĴ̡Ĵ) (1)ͬԪشҵΪ18 (2)ͬԪشҵϼ۾Ϊ17 (3)NaMgAlH2OᷴӦ׳̶Ϊѡ (4)HClOH2SO3H3PO4H2SiO3μ [] (1) (2) (3) (4)
2ԪʳԱ仯ľ( ) AԪԭӰ뾶СԱ仯 BԪԭε
CԪԭӺŲԱ仯 DԪصϼ۳Ա仯
4/13
ǽSiPSCl ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
C [ԪʳԱ仯ľԪԭӺŲԱ仯]
3ԭΪ1117ŵԪأ˵ĵ¸ݵı仯[(ǿ)С()ͬ()]
(1)ԪصԭӰ뾶________ԭ_______________________________________________________
(2)ԪԭӵĵӲ________________ (3)ԪصĽ________ǽ_____________________________________________________
Ԫʧ________õ________
[] (1)С Ӳͬʱ˵ԭӺ˶ӵԭӰ뾶С (2)ͬ (3) ǿ ǿ
Ԫؽԡǽ 1ȵķǽԱǿʵʵЩָ [] (1)Cl2H2ϱSH2 (2)HClȶԱH2Sǿ (3)HClĻԭԱH2S (4)HClO4ԱH2SO4ǿ (5)Cl2H2SӦS
(6)FeӦʱCl2FeCl3SFeS
2NaAlĽǿʵʵЩָ [] (1)NaH2OᷴӦAlķӦҾ (2)NaOHļԱAl(OH)3ǿ
1ͬԪشҵԭӽṹʵı仯
ǿж 5/13
˵ ԭӽṹ Ӳ ԭӰ뾶 ϼ ԪصĽԺͷǽ ӵԡԭ ̬⻯ȶԡԭ Ӧˮ ͬ С ϼɣ17(OF) ǽǿ ǿ ӻԭ ȶǿԭ ǿ 2.ԪصĽԡǽǿжϹ (1)ǿж
ԪصĵˮûķӦԽУԽǿ ԪصˮļԽǿԽǿ
۽ԪصĵˮҺнûӦAûBAĽǿB
ڽ˳УǰĽǿںġ
ݽӵԽǿ䵥ʵĻԭԽԪصĽԽ(עFeӽָFe2)
(2)ǽǿж
ٷǽԪصĵ̬⻯ķӦԽУǽԽǿ
ڷǽԪ̬⻯ȶԽǿԪصķǽԽǿ ԪصˮԽǿǽԽǿ ܷǽԪصĵˮҺнûӦAûBAֳԣAķǽǿB
ݷǽӵĻԭԽǿ䵥ʵԽԪصķǽԽ
6/13
1XYԪͬڵķǽԪأXԭӰ뾶YĴ˵ȷ( )
AӦˮԣXıYǿ BXķǽԱYǿ
CXӱYӻԭǿ DX̬⻯Yȶ
C [XYͬXԭӰ뾶YĴ˵XYߣԭXYСXķǽԱYӦˮXXӱYӻԭǿX̬⻯ﲻYȶ] Y
2ʵΪʵжݵ( ) AƺþֱˮӦжϽǿ
BͶCuSO4ҺУûͭͶCuSO4ҺУûͭжĽǿ
CԣH2CO3H2SO4ж̼ķǽǿ DBr2I2ֱH2Ӧжķǽǿ
B [AϽˮӦжϽǿݣNaĽ̫ǿCиH2CO3ҺӦʱH2OӦBΪжݣH2SO4ۺᣬǵǿ֪ķǽԱ̼ǿDϣݷǽH2Ӧ׳̶жϷǽǿݡ]
жӰ뾶С(á><ʾ) (1)Cl____BrS____Si____Al (2)O2____F____Na____Mg2 (3)Cl____ClMg____Mg2 (4)K____MgS____F
Ӱ뾶СȽ 7/13
[] (1) (2) (3) (4)
Ӱ뾶СȽϷ
XYZΪԪأXYͬһڣXZͼӷֱΪX2ZYZͬĵӲṹ˵ȷ( )
AԭX>Y>Z Bʷе㣺X>Y>Z CӰ뾶X2>Y>Z DԭX>Y>Z
D [ȷXYZڱеλΪ
ȷXΪSYΪNaZΪFԭF>S>Na(Z>X>Y)ANa>S>F2(Y>X>Z)BS2>F>Na(X2>Zʷе㣺Ӱ뾶
>Y)C
ԭS>Na>F(X>Y>Z)Dȷ]
[ⷢ]
XYZԭӰ뾶С˳ΣӦӰ뾶Сͬ [] YXZͬ
Ƚϼӵİ뾶С
(1)һӲͬʱӲԽ࣬뾶Խ
8/13
(2)˵Ӳͬʱ˵Խ뾶ԽС (3)Ӳͺ˵ͬʱԽ࣬뾶Խ
3Ӱ뾶֮ȴ1( ) r?Mg?A
r?Ca?C
r?S?
r?P?
r?K?B
r?Ca2?D
r?Cl?
r?Cl?
[] B
4Ӱ뾶СıȽУȷ( ) ANaMg2Al3O2 BS2ClNaAl3 CNaMgAlS DCsRbNaK
B [A뾶СӦΪO2NaMg2Al3C뾶СӦΪNaMgAlSD뾶СӦΪCsRbKNa]
ͼDzֶԪػϼԭĹϵͼ
̽(1)XYZWRֱʲôԪأ [] ONaAlSCl (2)XW⻯У˭ȶ
9/13
[] H2XH2O
(3)WRˮУ˭Խǿ [] HClO4
(4)YZWRĽǿ˳Σ [] YZWRNaAlSCl
(5)XYZWӰ뾶С˳Σ(ӷűʾ) [] S2O2NaAl3 (6)XYγɵĻЩ [] Na2ONa2O2
(7)YZRˮӦдйصӷʽ
[] Al(OH)3OH===AlO22H2O Al(OH)33H===Al33H2O HOH===H2O
(8)дһӦ֤WRķǽǿ [] Cl2H2S===S2HCl
(9)WR⻯УԭԽǿʲô(дʽ) [] H2S
(10)дXWRĵFeӦĻѧʽ
ȼ
[] 2O23Fe=====Fe3O4FeS=====FeS,2Fe3Cl2=====2FeCl3
ͨزСϼۡԭѧ֤ѧ̽ĺ
1˳ȷ( ) AԭӰ뾶Na>S>Cl
BӦˮԣHClO4>H2SO4>H3PO4 CϼۣCl>S>P
Dȶԣ⻯>廯>Ȼ
10/13
D [NaSClǾͬӲԪأԭĵԭӰ뾶С࣬ϼӦˮǿΪǽCl>Br>I̬⻯ȶHCl>HBr>HID]
2ABCDEͬһڵԪأABӦˮʼԣҼB>ACD̬⻯ȶC>DEԪԭӰ뾶СԪءǵԭС˳( )
AABCDE CBADCE
BECDBA DCDABE
C [ABӦˮʼԣҼB>ABAΪԪأԭBDCDΪǽԭD 3()ֶԪصԭӰ뾶Ҫϼۼ± Ԫط ԭӰ뾶/nm Ҫϼ X 0.160 2 Y 0.089 2 Z 0.102 246 R 0.143 3 T 0.074 2 ݱϢж˵ȷ( ) AϡᷴӦʿR>Y>X BXRӦˮNaOHҺ CԪӦˮļԣY>R>X Dͬ£̬⻯ȶԣT>Z D [XYĻϼ۶Ϊ2ӦλԪڱڢA壬ݰ뾶ϵXΪMgZTĻϼ۶У2֪YΪBeӦλԪڱڢA壬ZΪ6ZӦΪSTӦΪORĻϼΪ3Ӧλڱ 11/13 A壬ԭӰ뾶ZСX֪RӦXͬڣRΪAlMg>AlMg>BeԽǿᷴӦԽңԵϡᷴӦʿΪMg>AlMg>BeX>RX>YAԽǿԪӦˮļԽǿX>RX>YCMg(OH)2NaOHҺӦAl(OH)3NaOHҺӦBǽO>SԪطǽԽǿ̬⻯ȶԽǿZ 4()ԪXYZԭ֮Ϊ36XYͬһڣX Z2ͬĺӲṹƲⲻȷ( ) AͬԪZ⻯ȶǿ BԭӰ뾶X>YӰ뾶X>Z2 CͬԪXĽǿ DͬԪYۺǿ B [֪XYZֱΪNaClOԪǵڢAõķǽԪأ⻯ȶǿAȷͬԪԭӰ뾶仯ɼӰ뾶ȽϹ֪ԭӰ뾶XYӰ뾶Z2>XBXǵõĽԪأCȷУClķǽǿӦˮHClO4ǿDȷ] 5ԪɺԪڱй֪ʶûѧش⣺ (1)ڵԪؼ䵥ʺͻУԭӰ뾶СԪ________ǿĵ________ԭǿĵ________ӦˮУǿļ________γɵԻ________________ (2)±Ԫ⻯ȶ________ԭǿ________ܽͬڡͬԪʵݱ_____________________________________________________ [] (1)ͬһڣ˵ԽԭӰ뾶ԽС(ϡ) , Cl˵ԭӰ뾶СͬһڣԪطǽ 12/13 ǿ(ϡ) , ClǽǿʵCl2ǿͬһڣԪؽ(ϡ)ڽǿΪNaԪγɵԻAl2O3Al(OH)3(2)±Ԫأϵ£ԭӰ뾶ԭӺ˶ĵӵγɵ̬⻯У±ԪصԭӶԭӵμС±Ԫγɵ⻯ȶμȶԣHF>HCl>HBr>HIͬһڣңԪصĽǽǿͬһ壬ϵ£ԪصĽǿǽ [] (1) Cl Cl2 Na NaOH Al(OH)3 Al2O3 (2)HF HI ͬһڣңԪصĽǽǿͬһ壬ϵ£ԪصĽǿǽ 13/13 ɨȡ高中化学新人教版必修1????课时1 元素性质的周期性变化规律学?- 百度文库