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高中化学新人教版必修1????课时1 元素性质的周期性变化规律学?- 百度文库

ʱ䣺 ղ ҪͶ

ڶ Ԫ

ʱ1 ԪʵԱ仯

չ Ŀ 1.йݺʵʵʶԭӺŲԪصĻϼۣԭӰ뾶Ա仯ɣѧ֤ѧ̽ĺ 2ԵԪΪʶͬԪصĽԡǽԵԱ仯ɣѧʵ̽ģ֪ĺ

һԪصԭӺŲԭӰ뾶Ԫػϼ۵ı仯 1ԭӽṹı仯

ԭ 12 310 1118 Ӳ 1 2 3 12 18 18 ﵽȶṹʱ 2 8 8 ϵ ۣԭĵԪԭӺĵŲԵı仯 2.ԭӰ뾶ı仯 310Ԫ Li Be B C N O F Ne 1/13

ԭӰ뾶/pm 152 89 82 77 75 74 71 DDDDD 𽥼С 1118Ԫ ԭӰ뾶/pm 仯 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 186 160 143 117 110 102 99 DDDDD 𽥼С ۣԭĵԪԭӵİ뾶Ա仯 3.ԪҪϼ۵ı仯 ԭ 12 310 Ҫϼ۵ı仯 1D0 1D5 4D1D0 1D7 4D1D0 1118 ۣԭĵԪصҪϼ۳Ա仯 ע⣺OFһۡ Ԫʵĵݱ 1ơþˮķӦ þ ʵ ʵ ۳С򣬸ˮ棬ĴζС˻˻ӦҺӷ̪ ǰþ渽ɫݣںн϶ɫðμӷ̪ҺΪ2/13

ɫ Ӧԭ 2Na2H2O===2NaOHH2 Mg2H2O=====Mg(OH)2H2 ơþˮӦƱþãԣNa>Mg 2.Al(OH)3Ʊ (1)ʵ̽

AlCl3ҺмˮΪɫӦӷʽH2O===Al(OH)33NHΪAl33NH34

ڽʵõijװ֧ԹУһ֧ԹмᣬΪɫܽ⣬ӷʽΪAl(OH)33H===Al33H2Oһ֧ԹмNaOHҺΪɫܽ⣬ӷʽΪAl(OH)3OH

===AlO22H2O

MgCl2ҺNaOHҺɫӷʽΪMg22OH===Mg(OH)2

(2)ᷴӦǿӦҾκˮ

3ơþ߼Ӧˮļ

ǿ NaOH ǿ Mg(OH)2 ǿ() Al(OH)3 NaOH>Mg(OH)2>Al(OH)3 ԣNa>Mg>Al 4.SiPSClķǽԵĵݱ Ӧ ж ߼ӦˮSi P ܷӦ S Cl ջȼ ѵ׵˳ΪSiH2SO4>H3PO4>H2SiO3 3/13

5.ͬԪʵݱ Na Mg Al Si P S Cl DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

𽥼ǽǿ

ɣͬԪشңԭӰ뾶𽥼Сʧ𽥼õǿʽ𽥼ǽǿ

(1)ʵAl(OH)3ʱһѡðˮѡNaOHҺԭ

ʲô

(2)ʲôԼԼMgCl2AlCl3Һ

[ʾ] (1)Al(OH)3NaOHÿNaOH (2)NaOHҺ Ԫ

1ݣԪصԭĵԱ仯Ĺɡ 2ʵʣԪʵԱ仯ԪԭӺŲԵı仯ıȻ

΢㲦ԪصһԭӰ뾶ϼۡԺͷǽԡ

1ж(ȷĴ򡰡̡Ĵ򡰡) (1)ͬԪشҵΪ18 (2)ͬԪشҵ߻ϼ۾Ϊ17 (3)NaMgAlH2OᷴӦ׳̶Ϊ׵ѡ (4)HClOH2SO3H3PO4H2SiO3μ [] (1) (2) (3) (4)

2ԪʳԱ仯ľ( ) AԪԭӰ뾶СԱ仯 BԪԭε

CԪԭӺŲԱ仯 DԪصϼ۳Ա仯

4/13

ǽSiPSCl ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

C [ԪʳԱ仯ľԪԭӺŲԱ仯]

3ԭΪ1117ŵԪأ˵ĵ¸ݵı仯[(ǿ)С()ͬ()]

(1)ԪصԭӰ뾶________ԭ_______________________________________________________

(2)ԪԭӵĵӲ________________ (3)ԪصĽ________ǽ_____________________________________________________

Ԫʧ________õ________

[] (1)С Ӳͬʱ˵ԭӺ˶ӵԭӰ뾶С (2)ͬ (3) ǿ ǿ

Ԫؽԡǽ 1ȵķǽԱǿʵʵЩָ [] (1)Cl2H2ϱSH2 (2)HClȶԱH2Sǿ (3)HClĻԭԱH2S (4)HClO4ԱH2SO4ǿ (5)Cl2H2SӦS

(6)FeӦʱCl2FeCl3SFeS

2NaAlĽǿʵʵЩָ [] (1)NaH2OᷴӦAlķӦҾ (2)NaOHļԱAl(OH)3ǿ

1ͬԪشҵԭӽṹʵı仯

ǿж 5/13

˵ ԭӽṹ Ӳ ԭӰ뾶 ϼ ԪصĽԺͷǽ ӵԡԭ ̬⻯ȶԡԭ ߼Ӧˮ ͬ 𽥼С ϼɣ17(OF) 𽥼ǽǿ ǿ ӻԭ𽥼 ȶǿԭ𽥼 𽥼ǿ 2.ԪصĽԡǽǿжϹ (1)ǿж

ԪصĵˮûķӦԽ׽УԽǿ Ԫص߼ˮļԽǿԽǿ

۽ԪصĵˮҺнûӦAûBAĽǿB

ڽ˳УǰĽǿںġ

ݽӵԽǿ䵥ʵĻԭԽԪصĽԽ(עFeӽָFe2)

(2)ǽǿж

ٷǽԪصĵ̬⻯ķӦԽ׽УǽԽǿ

ڷǽԪ̬⻯ȶԽǿԪصķǽԽǿ Ԫص߼ˮԽǿǽԽǿ ܷǽԪصĵˮҺнûӦAûBAֳԣAķǽǿB

ݷǽӵĻԭԽǿ䵥ʵԽԪصķǽԽ

6/13

1XYԪͬڵķǽԪأXԭӰ뾶YĴ˵ȷ( )

A߼ӦˮԣXıYǿ BXķǽԱYǿ

CXӱYӻԭǿ DX̬⻯Yȶ

C [XYͬXԭӰ뾶YĴ˵XYߣԭXYСXķǽԱY߼ӦˮXXӱYӻԭǿX̬⻯ﲻYȶ] Y

2ʵΪʵжݵ( ) AƺþֱˮӦжϽǿ

BͶCuSO4ҺУûͭͶCuSO4ҺУûͭжĽǿ

CԣH2CO3H2SO4ж̼ķǽǿ DBr2I2ֱH2Ӧжķǽǿ

B [AϽˮӦжϽǿݣNaĽ̫ǿCиH2CO3ҺӦʱH2OӦBΪжݣH2SO4߼ۺᣬǵǿ֪ķǽԱ̼ǿDϣݷǽH2Ӧ׳̶жϷǽǿݡ]

жӰ뾶С(á><ʾ) (1)Cl____BrS____Si____Al (2)O2____F____Na____Mg2 (3)Cl____ClMg____Mg2 (4)K____MgS____F

Ӱ뾶СȽ 7/13

[] (1) (2) (3) (4)

Ӱ뾶СȽϷ

XYZΪԪأXYͬһڣXZͼӷֱΪX2ZYZͬĵӲṹ˵ȷ( )

AԭX>Y>Z Bʷе㣺X>Y>Z CӰ뾶X2>Y>Z DԭX>Y>Z

D [ȷXYZڱеλΪ

ȷXΪSYΪNaZΪFԭF>S>Na(Z>X>Y)ANa>S>F2(Y>X>Z)BS2>F>Na(X2>Zʷе㣺Ӱ뾶

>Y)C

ԭS>Na>F(X>Y>Z)Dȷ]

[ⷢ]

XYZԭӰ뾶С˳ΣӦӰ뾶Сͬ [] YXZͬ

Ƚϼӵİ뾶С

(1)һӲͬʱӲԽ࣬뾶Խ

8/13

(2)˵Ӳͬʱ˵Խ󣬰뾶ԽС (3)Ӳͺ˵ͬʱԽ࣬뾶Խ

3Ӱ뾶֮ȴ1( ) r?Mg?A

r?Ca?C

r?S?

r?P?

r?K?B

r?Ca2?D

r?Cl?

r?Cl?

[] B

4Ӱ뾶СıȽУȷ( ) ANaMg2Al3O2 BS2ClNaAl3 CNaMgAlS DCsRbNaK

B [A뾶СӦΪO2NaMg2Al3C뾶СӦΪNaMgAlSD뾶СӦΪCsRbKNa]

ͼDzֶԪػϼԭĹϵͼ

̽(1)XYZWRֱʲôԪأ [] ONaAlSCl (2)XW⻯У˭ȶ

9/13

[] H2XH2O

(3)WR߼ˮУ˭Խǿ [] HClO4

(4)YZWRĽǿ˳Σ [] YZWRNaAlSCl

(5)XYZWӰ뾶С˳Σ(ӷűʾ) [] S2O2NaAl3 (6)XYγɵĻЩ [] Na2ONa2O2

(7)YZR߼ˮӦдйصӷʽ

[] Al(OH)3OH===AlO22H2O Al(OH)33H===Al33H2O HOH===H2O

(8)дһӦ֤WRķǽǿ [] Cl2H2S===S2HCl

(9)WR⻯УԭԽǿʲô(дʽ) [] H2S

(10)дXWRĵFeӦĻѧʽ

ȼ

[] 2O23Fe=====Fe3O4FeS=====FeS,2Fe3Cl2=====2FeCl3

ͨزСϼۡԭѧ֤ѧ̽ĺ

1˳ȷ( ) AԭӰ뾶Na>S>Cl

B߼ӦˮԣHClO4>H2SO4>H3PO4 CϼۣCl>S>P

Dȶԣ⻯>廯>Ȼ

10/13

D [NaSClǾͬӲԪأԭĵԭӰ뾶𽥼С࣬ϼ߼Ӧˮǿ𽥼ΪǽCl>Br>I̬⻯ȶHCl>HBr>HID]

2ABCDEͬһڵԪأAB߼ӦˮʼԣҼB>ACD̬⻯ȶC>DEԪԭӰ뾶СԪءǵԭС˳( )

AABCDE CBADCE

BECDBA DCDABE

C [AB߼ӦˮʼԣҼB>ABAΪԪأԭBDCDΪǽԭD

3()ֶԪصԭӰ뾶Ҫϼۼ± Ԫط ԭӰ뾶/nm Ҫϼ X 0.160 2 Y 0.089 2 Z 0.102 246 R 0.143 3 T 0.074 2 ݱϢж˵ȷ( ) AϡᷴӦʿR>Y>X

BXR߼ӦˮNaOHҺ CԪ߼ӦˮļԣY>R>X Dͬ£̬⻯ȶԣT>Z

D [XYĻϼ۶Ϊ2ӦλԪڱڢA壬ݰ뾶ϵXΪMgZTĻϼ۶У2֪YΪBeӦλԪڱڢA壬Z߼Ϊ6ZӦΪSTӦΪORĻϼΪ3Ӧλڱ

11/13

A壬ԭӰ뾶ZСX֪RӦXͬڣRΪAlMg>AlMg>BeԽǿᷴӦԽңԵϡᷴӦʿΪMg>AlMg>BeX>RX>YA󣻽ԽǿԪ߼ӦˮļԽǿX>RX>YCMg(OH)2NaOHҺӦAl(OH)3NaOHҺӦB󣻷ǽO>SԪطǽԽǿ̬⻯ȶԽǿZ

4()ԪXYZԭ֮Ϊ36XYͬһڣX

Z2ͬĺӲṹƲⲻȷ( )

AͬԪZ⻯ȶǿ BԭӰ뾶X>YӰ뾶X>Z2 CͬԪXĽǿ

DͬԪY߼ۺǿ

B [֪XYZֱΪNaClOԪǵڢAõķǽԪأ⻯ȶǿAȷͬԪԭӰ뾶仯ɼӰ뾶ȽϹ֪ԭӰ뾶XYӰ뾶Z2>XBXǵõĽԪأCȷУClķǽǿӦ߼ˮHClO4ǿDȷ]

5ԪɺԪڱй֪ʶûѧش⣺ (1)ڵԪؼ䵥ʺͻУԭӰ뾶СԪ________ǿĵ________ԭǿĵ________߼ӦˮУǿļ________γɵԻ________________

(2)±Ԫ⻯ȶ________ԭǿ________ܽͬڡͬԪʵݱ_____________________________________________________

[] (1)ͬһڣ˵ԽԭӰ뾶ԽС(ϡ) , Cl˵󣬹ԭӰ뾶СͬһڣԪطǽ

12/13

ǿ(ϡ) , ClǽǿʵCl2ǿͬһڣԪؽ𽥼(ϡ)ڽǿΪNaԪγɵԻAl2O3Al(OH)3(2)±Ԫأϵ£ԭӰ뾶ԭӺ˶ĵӵ𽥼γɵ̬⻯У±ԪصԭӶԭӵμС±Ԫγɵ⻯ȶμȶԣHF>HCl>HBr>HIͬһڣңԪصĽ𽥼ǽǿͬһ壬ϵ£ԪصĽǿǽ𽥼

[] (1) Cl Cl2 Na NaOH Al(OH)3 Al2O3

(2)HF HI ͬһڣңԪصĽ𽥼ǽǿͬһ壬ϵ£ԪصĽǿǽ𽥼

13/13

高中化学新人教版必修1????课时1 元素性质的周期性变化规律学?- 百度文库

ڶԪɿʱ1ԪʵԱ仯ɷչĿ1.йݺʵʵʶԭӺŲԪصĻϼۣԭӰ뾶Ա仯ɣѧ֤ѧ̽ĺ2ԵԪΪʶͬԪصĽԡǽԵԱ仯ɣѧʵ̽ģ֪ĺ<
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