一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解
Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health, according to a new study published in the journal Child Development According to the findings, teenagers aged 15 to 16 who had a close friendship rather than a larger group of friends they were less close to had a greater sense of self-worth by the time they were 25 years old. Those people with a very close best friend were also less likely to experience depression and social anxiety, the study found. \friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood, \Narr, a postdoctoral student focused on clinical psychology at the University of Virginia, wrote. A past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important. Friendships during the teenage years predict academic success and improved mental health. But the new research further explores the type of friendships teenagers have. \hunch(预感)was that close friendships compared to broader friendship groups and popularity may not function the same way,\ Many study participants did not continue to have a close relationship with their high-school best friend, leading the researchers to wonder what exactly was responsible for the mental health benefits. They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship itself.
And as the researchers point out, those skills are not necessarily brought to bear in the world of social media. \friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority,\ （1）What is the benefit of having a close teenage friendship? A. Excellent performance in high school. B. A larger group of friends. C. Mental health by early adulthood. D. A large social network in the future. （2）What can we learn about the past research? A. It attached great significance to adolescent friendships. B. It was totally different from the new research. C. It helped improve teenagers' mental health.
D. It compared broader friendship groups with popularity.
（3）What did the researchers think might lead to the mental health benefits? A. Not continuing to have a close relationship. B. Having a best friend in high school. C. Understanding the world of social media. D. Knowing how to build a close friendship （4）What did the researcher Joseph suggest?
A. Learning to use social media. B. Broadening your social circle.
C. Improving the skills of making friends. D. Concentrating on high-quality relationship. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A
（3）D （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，那些有非常亲密的好朋友的人也不太可能经历抑郁和社交焦虑。与过去的研究认为友谊很重要相比，这项新研究进一步探索了青少年之间的友谊类型。研究人员发现知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能比友谊本身更重要。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health，according to a new study published in the journal Child Development.“根据发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究，你十几岁时最好的朋友可能对你的长期心理健康有好处。可知，青少年亲密的友谊对精神健康有益。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”A past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important.“过去的一项研究表明，青少年间的友谊很重要，可知，过去的研究非常重视青少年间的友谊。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的”They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship itself.“他们怀疑建立这种友谊的技巧和能力可能比友谊本身更重要，可知，研究人员认为知道如何建立亲密的友谊会带来心理健康益处。故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的\social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority,’study co-author Joseph Allen said in a statement.”研究报告的撰写者之一Joseph Allen在一份声明中说:“随着科技的发展，建立浅层次朋友的社交网络变得越来越容易，因此，把时间和精力集中在与少数人建立密切联系上应该是优先考虑的事情。”可知，研究人员Joseph Allen建议把时间和精力集中在于一些人发展亲密关系是应该是重中之重，即发展高质量的友谊。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
At 23 I applied for full-time positions with no intention of working five days a week. As a housewife, I had two pre-school children then but wanted to work three days a week.
This was a huge deal for me. I needed to work, but also wanted to spend time with my children while they were young. I didn't want to miss out on school drop-offs and pick-ups. But I also didn't want to miss out on the opportunity of promotion.
Before the interviews, I prepared a plan of how I was going to make this work for me and the employer. I saw it as a two-way agreement — the business adapting to me and me adapting to the business.
Finally I became a member of EY at 33. EY was the only firm that seemed receptive to my plan; in fact, we spent time during that first interview talking about how we could make it work together. Most importantly, the person interviewing me worked flexibly too — four days a week. I appreciated that I'm one of the lucky ones. Even 10 years on, flexible hiring and working remains the exception rather than the rule for most.
What will help shift views and behavior, in addition to organizations updating their hiring policies, is talking more openly about how most of us organize our day around our responsibilities. We all have a life outside of work and we shouldn't be embarrassed to talk about it, even during a job interview.
It's a change in the way of thinking, not just for employers but employees too. In the early days I was confident about my ability but I probably did have a preconception (先入之见) that working part-time would limit my career progression. What I quickly realized was that if I took responsibility for my development, I could make sure that I got the same opportunities as if I was working full-time. So I offered solutions to how we could make it work, and it made me stand out. （1）Why did the author want a flexible job?
A. To balance her work and life. B. To have more time to relax. C. To avoid too much stress in life. D. To stand out as a special woman. （2）What perhaps made the author become a member of EY?
A. The time spent discussing her plan. B. Her relationship with the interviewer. C. Her great confidence in the interview. D. The interviewer's understanding her. （3）What does the author advise to apply for a flexible job? A. Trying to seize every opportunity one can get. B. Persuading the company to change its hiring policies. C. Being honest about one's personal life outside of work. D. Convincing the employer of one's responsibility for the job. （4）What can we infer about her job from the passage? A.It weakened her ability. B.It made her highly noticeable. C.It limited her career promotion. D.It caused her to earn less money. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）D （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者面试兼职工作时改变传统思路，脱颖而出获得机会，并以此而发表了自己的看法观点。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“This was a huge deal for me. I needed to work, but also wanted to spend time with my children while they were young.”这对我来说是一件大事。我需要工作，但也想在孩子们小的时候多陪陪他们。可知，作者需要弹性工作的原因是工作的同时又要照顾孩子，故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“EY was the only firm that seemed receptive to my plan; in fact, we spent time during that first interview talking about how we could make it work together. Most importantly, the person interviewing me worked flexibly too — four days a week.”EY是唯一一家似乎接受我的计划的公司;事实上，在第一次面试的时候，我们花了很多时间来讨论如何让我们合作。最重要的是，面试我的那个人工作也很灵活——一周四
天。可推知，EY面试官同样是灵活工作制，她/他能够理解作者的境遇。故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“What will help shift views and behavior, in addition to organizations updating their hiring policies, is talking more openly about how most of us organize our day around our responsibilities. We all have a life outside of work and we shouldn't be embarrassed to talk about it, even during a job interview.”除了更新招聘政策外，更公开地谈论我们大多数人如何围绕职责安排我们的一天，将有助于改变观点和行为。我们都有工作之外的生活，我们不应该羞于谈论它，即使是在面试的时候。可知，作者建议面试时讨论职责安排分配以使面试官相信自己的能力。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“What I quickly realized was that if I took responsibility for my development, I could make sure that I got the same opportunities as if I was working full-time. So I offered solutions to how we could make it work, and it made me stand out.”我很快意识到，如果我对自己的发展负责，我就能确保自己得到和全职工作一样的机会。所以我提出了解决方案，我们如何使它工作，这使我脱颖而出。可知，作者通过这次面试而改变思路，主动提出了灵活工作的解决方式而使自己引起注意，得到关注。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Harvard Pre-College Program
SESSION I: 2019 college experience. HERE YOU CAN: Learn without limits
Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects. Live at Harvard
You will live in a historic undergraduate house near Harvard Square. Your plan covers three meals a day, seven days a week. Have fun outside the classroom
You might enjoy a Cirque du Sileil performance, a Red Sox game at Fenway Park, or a trip to the Museum of Science. ELIGIBILITY (申请资格)
Students are academically motivated and will graduate in 2020 or 2021. TO APPLY
Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.
SESSION II: 2019 SESSION III: 2019 June 23 — July 5, July 7 — July 19, July 21 — August 2, Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS
Participants should apply for the B-2 tourist visa. If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFLor IELTS language proficiency exam. APPLICATION TIPS
No fee is required to start your application. You will be asked to pay the application fee only upon submitting the application.
The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.
Use a desktop or laptop. You will be asked to write short essays as part of your application. This may be challenging to do on a mobile phone.
You will receive an email informing you of the application status approximately three weeks after you have completed your application.
（1）Harvard organizes such a program to ______. A. reduce students' academic pressure B. select good students to join in Harvard C. make students obtain high grades in their study D. help students prepare for their future college life （2）What can we learn about the program? A. Students are offered three meals except weekends. B. It merely has two sessions during one summer. C. It provides courses on various subjects for students. D. Students can live in a hotel near Harvard.
（3）If you are a native student who wants to apply for the program, you need to provide ______.
A. a B-2 tourist visa B. transcripts with your fall 2018 grades
C. scores from the TOEFL exam D. a recommendation letter from your high school teacher （4）The applicants can learn from the application tips that ______. A. their TOEFL or IELTS scores should meet the requirements B. the application fee should be paid before they start applying C. it is convenient to use any electronic products to apply D. they can check the application status in a week 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了哈佛大学帮助学生为大学生活做准备而开设的一个暑期项目的情况。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段”Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.“我们的高中生暑期项目是为成功的大学生活铺平道路的。）可知哈佛大学组织了这样一个项目来帮助学生为他们未来的大学生活做准备。故选D。
2020-2021高考英语备考之阅读理解压轴突破训练∶培优篇及详细答案(1)
