专题14 阅读填空（说明文）
1. 1.【2019·全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace. ___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处。新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人。
36. E 根据下一句中“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑
问句。空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”呼应。 37. A该空格为主题句。根据空格后下一句“ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of ...”以及本段内容可知，本部分主要讲述新鲜空气可以清洗我们的肺部，A项符合题意。 38. G 根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到“康复花园”这一类地点名词，these places就是指Healing Gardens。
39. C 前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。C选项指出身处大自然可以使人精神焕发符合题意。
40. D 由下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。D选项指出获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光符合题意。
2.【2019·全国III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
? ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
? Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
? Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___ ? Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 【答案】36. E 37. G 38. A 39. C 40. F 【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作为学生该如何与网络课程的教授进行相处呢？文中就此提出了该做和不该做的建议。
36. E 在后句中作者提到“只是列举了其中两个，还有很多会出现的类似情况”，而文章内容则主要是介绍了对于网上学习者一些常见的要做的和不能做的事情，由此推断空格处内容和此有关，是引出文章主题的句
子。故判断E选项符合语境。 37.G本段主要介绍了如何提问，提问什么样的问题。而空格处于段落小标题的位置，由此推断内容应该能概括本段中心，而且内容和question有关。故判断选G。
38. A文章开头提出要和培养和教授健康良好的沟通交流模式，所以参与论坛讨论，博客等进行对话就是这些活动的目的所在。由此推断A选项可以承接上文，是对前句的进一步解释。
39. C该部分谈到了和教授沟通时不应该做的事情。本段谈到不要去和教授们分享你的个人信息和故事，最后进行总结，如果（他们）需要更多的信息，他们就会问的，C项符合题意。
40. F该部分谈到不要在教授的课上公开表达你的不满。紧接着文中文中空格处可以提出，每个人都会有那么一两次不怎么愉快的上课经历，再结合下文可知告诫学生不要和老师们产生冲突。故F项符合题意。 3. 【2019·北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual
players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___ Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well. A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. 【答案】46. B 47. E 48. G 49. D 50. F 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“如何构建团队”。
46. B 根据前文可知，大多数人认为建立一个伟大团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有才华的人。B选项的“球队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才”和下文的 “公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士” 形成并列的关系。故选B。
47. E 根据下一句中的主语 “They”可知，前一句主语应该是名词复数形式，故选E。 48. G 根据下文中的“In baseball”这一句可知，前面的内容应该是和棒球有关，故选G。
49. D 根据上文的内容可知，学习团队运动的小孩子经常被告知“团队中没有我”，但是“明星们显然不遵循这一体育道德的基本原则”。例如“If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance.”故选D。
50. F 根据下文的内容“一支一流球队可能或许需要平衡——不仅需要A级球员，而且需要慷慨的B级球员”可知，前一句是在说“建立一支梦之队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多”。故选F。
4. 【2018·全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____. A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. G 40. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。
36. 36题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除D,E,F,G项。根据前文的三个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故选B（不管你寻找哪一种）。
37. 前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。所以A（然而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。
38. 本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故选D。 39. 根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表明这种范
2020年高考英语精选考点专项突破14 阅读填空(说明文)(含解析)
