(2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词
① Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels．=Last Sunday I
bought some books from the bookstore，of which three were English novels．上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中三本是英文小说。
② He wrote a book，the name of which I’ve completely forgotten．他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。 ③ The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors．那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。 (3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词
China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan．中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。 (4)介词+关系代词+名词
I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized．我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose) 2．关系代词的选择
用于“介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which，即介词+which/whom。 【典例】
You can only be sure of ______ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ______ you might get in the future.
A. that; what B. what;/ C. which;/ D. /; that 【答案】B
【解析】 很明显，第一空前没有名词或代词。这是介词后的宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少have的宾语，指物，用what。第二个空前有不定代词，我们把它代入从句中，可以作get的宾语，说明是宾语从句，用关系代词that,它在定语从句中作宾语可以省略，所以答案是B。
限时训练 （45分钟）
经典常规题
一、语法填空
1.【2024·全国I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 【答案】that \\which
【解题思路】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。 2.【2024·全国II】When the government started a soil-testing program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers— and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】that/which
【解题思路】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
3.【2024·浙江】Many westerners ______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ______ can be to eat out. 【答案】who/that
【解题思路】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
4.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health. 【答案】which
【解题思路】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both。故填which。
5.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】But Sarah, _______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ______ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 【答案】who；to prove
【解题思路】第一空考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语，故填who。第二空考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。 6.【2017·浙江卷6月考】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _______ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. 【答案】swept；where
【解题思路】第一空考查过去分词。此处是get done结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。 第二空考查定语从句。此处先行词是the garden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。
二、短文改错
7.【2024·全国I】They also had a small pond, which they raised fish. 【答案】which改成in which或where
【解题思路】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。
8.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】 In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.
【答案】interesting改为interested；that改为which
【解题思路】考查形容词用法。张家夫妇对种菜感兴趣；考查定语从句。该处前有逗号，后句为非限制性定语从句，故用which。
9.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time. 【答案】picture前加this/the；they →that/which
【解题思路】考查限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定词this/the修饰；考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面的倒装句“Around me in the picture are the things…”是一个单句，而后面的“…they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.”也是一个单句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看，这里变为定语从句更为合理，故把they改为that/which。
高频易错题
一、语法填空
When you are thirsty, you can drink some green tea. It tastes （河南省中原名校2024届高三第二次质量检测）
good and it’s very healthy. The Chinese 1 (know) about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use 2 to treat everything from headaches to depression. They have 3 (actual) been using green tea as a medicine for over 4,000 years.
Nowadays, there is scientific evidence of the health benefits of green tea. According to one study___4___ (publish) in a cancer research journal, drinking green tea ___5___(reduce)the risk of some types of cancer in Chinese men and women 6 nearly sixty percent. USA researchers have also found that green tea may prevent the 7 (grow) of cancer cells. There is also new evidence 8 green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies. It is especially effective at getting rid of the bacteria on your ___9__ _(tooth)and keep them healthy! According to the Chinese proverb, “It is___10___ (good) to go without food for three days, than without tea for one.” So, in brief, you should definitely try a cup of green tea. It seems that it can only do you good. 【答案】
1. have known 2. it 6. by
3. actually 8. that
4. published 9. teeth
5. reduces 10. better
7. growth
【解题思路】本文向读者介绍了绿茶。从远古时代起，人们就开始了解绿茶的好处，并用它来治疗从头痛到抑郁的各种问题。今天，根据科学研究发现绿茶有益于健康，绿茶可以减少某些癌症发生的机率，抑制细菌的生长等。
1. 考查时态。根据“The Chinese___1___ (know) about the benefits of green tea since ancient times”中的“since”可知，应该用完成时。故填“have known”。
2. 考查代词。“they use ___2___ to treat everything from headaches to depression” “it”代指前面的“green tea”。故填“it”。
3. 考查副词。“They have ___3___ (actual) been using green tea as a medicine for over 4,000 years”“他们实际上一直用绿茶作为一种药物已经有4000多年了”。故填“actually”。
4. 考查被动语态。“According to one study___4___ (publish) in a cancer research journal”“根据一项被出版的杂志《癌症研究》”。故填“published”。
5. 考查主谓一致。“drinking green tea ___5___ (reduce) the risk of some types of cancer”“绿茶可以减少癌症的风险”，动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填“reduces”。
6. 考查介词。“in Chinese men and women ___6___ nearly sixty percent”“中国男性和女性患病的几率降低了60%”。故填“by”。
7. 考查名词。“green tea may prevent the ___7___ (grow) of cancer cells”“绿茶阻止癌细胞的生长”，这里用名词作宾语，故填名词“growth”。
8. 考查定语从句。“There is also new evidence ___8___ green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies”“也有新的证据表明绿茶可以帮助破坏我们体内的细菌”。“that”指代后面的“green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies”。故填“that”。
9. 考查复数形式。“getting rid of the bacteria on your ___9___ (tooth)”“去除牙齿上的细菌”“tooth”的复数形式是“teeth”。故填“teeth”。
10. 考查比较级。“It is ___10___ (good) to go without food for three days”“三天不吃东西是更好的”“good”的比较级是“better”。故填“better”。 二、短文改错
(四川省南充市2024届高三第一次适应性考试)The environment pollution was more and more serious today. We have no clean water to drink it because of water pollution. And when trees cut down, some animals disappear. There is more and more dirty smoke in the air. People’s health has been great affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people have died of diseases causing by pollution. In order to live the better life, it’s time for us to protect our world. We should recycle, reduce and reuse things, what saves money and reduces pollution. Use things so long as possible. Don’t use plastic bag. Besides, we must plant more trees and stop people cutting it down. We hope our world will be more and more beautiful. 【答案】
1.第一句：was改成is 2.第二句：去掉it 3.第三句：trees后加are 4.第五句：great改成greatly 5.第六句：causing改成caused 6.第七句：the改成a
7.第八句：what改成which 8.第九句：so改成as 9.第十句：bag改成bags 10.第十一句：it改成them 【解题思路】
1.句意：今天环境的污染越来越严重。可知句子用一般现在时态，故把was---is。
2.句意：因为污染我们没有干净的水喝。动词不定式做后置定语，并且动词不定式与所修饰的词之间是动宾关系。故把it去掉。
3.句意：树被砍倒的时候，一些动物消失了。when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时态的被动语态，trees是从句主语，故在trees后加are。 4.副词修饰动词，故把great-greatly。
5.句意：很多人死于因污染引起的疾病。过去分词做后置定语，故把causing-caused。 6.句意：为了过上一个更好的生活。故把the-a。
7.前面是整个句子作先行词，后面的非限制性定语从句用which引导，故把what-which。 8.固定搭配：as…as possible尽可能，故把so-as。
9.句意：不要用塑料袋。根据句意可知用名词复数形式，故把bag-bags。 10.句意：我们一定要种更多的树，并且阻止人们砍伐它们。故把it---them。
精准预测题
一、语法填空
（山东德州市2024届高三第一次模拟考试）Kids who use media in unhealthy ways may have problems ___1___relationships, conduct and other emotional symptoms, lead author of a US new study warned.
A study of the University of Michigan (UM) ___2___ (release) recently on its website found that how children use the devices, rather than how much time they spend on them, ___3___ (be) the strongest predictor of emotional or social problems connected with screen ___4___ (addict).
The study revealed that ___5___ matters most is whether screen use causes problems in other areas of life or has become ___6___all-consuming activity.
Some of the warning ___7___ (sign) include: if screen time interferes with daily activities, causes conflict for the child or in the family, or is the only activity ___8___brings the child joy. Though much research ___9___ (exist) on adolescents and screen use, this is considered as the first tool to measure how addicted children are to screen media. It will be a ___10___ (value) tool for parents, clinicians and researchers. 【答案】
1. with/in 2. released 3. is 4. addiction 5. what
2024届高考英语二轮复习专题9：定语从句Word版含解析
