中英文-珍贵-跨文化交际学概论课件资料
———————————————————————————————— 作者: ———————————————————————————————— 日期:
I. Culture and Intercultural Communication
Culture:
? Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks. (Sap
ir, 1921)
? Culture refers to the total way of life of particular groups of peopl
e. It includes everything that a group of people thinks, says, does, and makes. (R. Kohls, 1979)
? Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about
beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.文化是习得的一套关于信仰、价值观、规范的公认的解释,这些信仰、价值观、规范对相当大人类群体的行为产生影响。
The Characteristics of Culture:
1. Culture is not innate; it is learned;
2. Culture is transmissible from person to person, group to group,
and generation to generation;
3. Culture is a dynamic system that changes continuously over
time;
4. Culture is selective; (every culture represents a limited
choice of behavior patterns)
5. Culture is composed of interrelated facets;
6. Culture is ethnocentric (centeredness on one’s own g
roup).
The American sociolinguist D. Hymes pointed out that people with communicative competence should know when, where and what to speak to whom and how.
Models of communication
Theoretically, the model of communication is always described in the following way: