成人学位英语复习资料

一、时态和语态

1. 如何解答时态问题

例1�糦ou’ve already missed too many classes this term. You ______ just last week.

A. missed B. would miss C. had missed D. have missed 例2�糀nne asked Tom ______ the key.

A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did he left

考试重点�� 2. 与完成时 有关的时态

★现在完成时 (have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to now

例1�糃ollecting

toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years.

A B C D 例2�糆nglish ______ in a new way at my college in the past few years. A. has been taught B. was being taught C. has been taught D. had been taught.

★过去完成时 (had done)

例3�糀nne asked Tom ______ the key.

A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did he left

例4�糡he chemistry class_____ for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been on B. had begun C. has been on D. would began

★将来完成时 (will have done) by

例5�糤e’re late I expect the film_____ by the time we get to the cinema. A. had already started B. have already

C. will already have started D. have already been started. ★现在完成进行时 (have been doing)

例6�糏t seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking

★过去完成进行时 (had been doing)

★ 将来完成进行时(will have been doing )

例7�糂y the time you arrive this evening, _______for two hours. A. I will study B. I will have been studied C. I had studied D. I will have been studying. 3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态 ▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时

例1�糤hen the mixture_____, it will give off a powerful force. A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated

例2�紁lease be sure to telephone me the next time you ______. A. will come B. would come C. shall come D. come

▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时

例3�糞mith is to study medicine as soon as he_______ military service. A. will finish B. has finished C. finish D. would finish

注意��

例4�糔o one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she______ them.

A. tries B. will try C. are trying D. have tried 4. 考试小窍门

◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项��要重点加以研读��一般说来是正确答 案。

二、情态动词

1. 几个情态动词的否定式的含义 can’t may not mustn’t need’t

2. 表示推测的几个情态动词用法

★must表示肯定的推测��意思是“一定”

+do 对现在情况的推测 must

+have done 对过去情况的推测

例1�糏 ________ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night

A. might fall B. must fall C. must have fallen D. can have fallen

★ can’t/could’t表示否定的推测��意思是“不可能” +do 对现在情况的推测 can’t/couldn’t

+have done 对过去情况的推测

★ may/might not表示可能性很小的推测��意思是“也许?” +do 对现在情况的推测 may/might

+have done 对过去情况的推测 3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法

needn’t have done should have done should not have done ought to have done could have done

4. 考试小窍门

在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下��一般说来情态动 词加完成时是正确答案。 × Must do

√ Must have done 三、虚拟语气 考试重点��

1. 条件句中的虚拟语气

例�传糏 would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him. A. had known B. have known C. knew D. would know

例�但糏f a better material ______, the strength of the part would have been increased.

A. had been used B. had been using C. being used D. using

条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点��

? 如果条件句中有were, had, should时��可以把if省略��然后把这三个单词 提前��形成倒装。

例3�糭____ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.

A. If he took B. if he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken

? 含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用 三级考试中经常出现的三个句型�� But for/without?��?? ??, otherwise/or? ??, but/though?.

例�帆糂ut for your help, I _____ the work in time. A. did not finish B. could not finish

A. will not finish D. would not have finished

例�斧糤ithout electricity, human life _____ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

例�公糎e was very busy yesterday; otherwise he_____ to the meeting. A. would have come B. would come C. could come D. had come

例�韩糤e would have made a lot of money, but we halfway

A. gave up B. had given up C.would give up D. were to give up

? 错综时间条件句

例�猾糏f I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.

2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用

(1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如: 例�传糏 suggested that we should go there on foot.

注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如: 例�但糡he man insisted that he had never stolen the money

( 2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中

例�东糏t is desired that we should get everything ready tonight ( 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request 等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:

例�帆糓y suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening

3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气 4. if only 引导的感叹句中

5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中

6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式 7. it is (high) time that ?.句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式

四、非谓语动词 1. 不定式

?不定式的逻辑主语

例�传糡he road is wild enough for cars to pass by. 例�但糏t is important for you to work hard. 例�东糏t is kind of you to help me.

?不定式的时态和语态

例�帆糡he magnificent museum is said _____ about a hundred years ago. A. to be built B. to have been built C. to have built D. to have being built

?使用不带to的不定式

1)why not do表示委婉的建议

例�传糤hy not_____Professor Li for help? He is kind-hearted and willing to help.

A. ask B. you ask C. to ask D. your asking

2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时��用省to的不定 式。

例�但糡he teacher has the students _____ a composition every other week.

A. to write B. written C. writing D. write

例�东糤hile he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_____ A. broke B. break C. broken D. breaking

例�帆糡here was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself_____

A. hearing B. being told C. to hear D. heard

3)表示生理感觉的动词如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做 宾语补足语时��用省to的不定式。

例�斧糤ith tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy_____ to a hospital.

A. send B. to be sent C. being sent D. sending 4)do something but/except do

例�公糡here is nothing we can do _____ wait. A. but B. rather than C. in spite of C. besides.

5)记住下列不带to的短语 can’t but can’t help but had better 2. 动名词

1. 有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式��但意思有差异 remember forget regret stop go on mean

2. 后面跟动名词的固定句式

have trouble/problems/difficult doing something