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前元音4 中元音3 单元音 后元音5 12 短元音7 长元音5 双元音 8 爆破音6 摩擦音8 破擦音6 声门音 半元音2 清辅音10 浊辅音10 [i:] [?] [e] [?] [?:] [?] [?] [?:] [?] [u:] [?] [a:] [Λ] [?] [?] [?] [?] [e] [?] [ɑ:] [?:] [?:] [i:] [u:] 合口双元音5 [e?] [a?] [??] [??] [a?] 集中双元音3 [??] [e?] [??] [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [e] [?] [?] [t?] [d?] [ts] [dz] [tr] [dr] [h] [w] [j] 舌侧音 鼻音3 [?] 卷舌音 [r] [m] [n] [?] [p] [t] [k] [f] [θ] [s] [?] [t?] [ts] [tr] [b] [d] [g] [v] [e] [z] [?] [d?] [dz] [dr] 2.重读音节
A)单音节词都重读
B)双音节词:a)一般在第一个音节重读。b)有前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。
c)一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。 C)多音节词:一般倒数第三个音节是重音
3.开闭音节
重读音节可以分为开音节和闭音节,开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节。 相对开音节:以辅音字母(r 除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。 绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾的音节。(发字母本身音) 闭音节:以元音字母加一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾的音节。
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重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的单词改变时态时要双写。 如: sit---sitting begin---beginning put---putting swim---swimming
4.音节的划分
划分音节的方法:元音是构成音节的主体,辅音是音节的分界线。两辅音之间不管有多少个元音,一般都是一个音节。
1)头、中、尾音节:(头尾都不缺) cat, fat, hot, dog, flag, match, cut 2)中、尾音节:(缺头) at, am, of, old, egg, art, aid, eight 3)头、中音节:(缺尾) he, me, go, so, she, far, door, sea, 4)单中音节:(头尾都缺) I, a, o, or, ear, are
先找元音去尾e,一个元音一音节。 元音相连听音定,加上头尾是整体。 一靠后,二分手,多个中间偏左右, 组合字母算一个,常见组合要遵守。 词尾看e加音节,发音不发分两种, 双字相连不连手,听音验证最后头。
5.辅音字母在单词中不发音的规则
1、字母b在字母t之前, 如:debt [det] (欠债) 2、字母g在字母n之前, 如:sign [sain] (标记) 3、字母gh在t之前, 如:fight [fait] (打架) 4、字母k在字母n之前, 如:knee [ni:] (膝) 5、字母b在字母m之后, 如:comb [k?um] (梳子) 6、字母c在字母s之后, 如:muscle ['m?sl] (肌肉) 7、字母h在r之后, 如:rhythm ['rie?m](节奏) 8、字母h在词首ex-之后, 如:exhibition [eksi'b?in](展览会) 9、字母d在词尾dge中, 如:bridge [brid?] (桥) 10、字母h在词首gh中, 如:ghost [g?ust] (鬼) 11、字母l在ould中, 如: could [kud] (能) 12、字母t在词尾ften中, 如: soften ['s?fn](缓和)
6.元音字母在重读音节中的一般读音
开音节中 [ei] name plane baby cake a 闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black back . 开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese e 闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg 开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite i 闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim 开音节中 [?u] those close go hoe home no o 闭音节中 [?] clock not box shop sock [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 开音节中 u j r l s 后 [u:] June blue ruler super 闭音节中 [?] bus cup jump much lunch 7.元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a [w]音后面 f n sk ph sp ss st th前 i nd ld gh前 o st ld前 m n v th前 [?] want what watch wash quality [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father [ai] find child light high [?u] most postcard old cold [?] come monkey love mother 8.元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a [?] china another breakfast [i] orange village cabbage e [?] hundred open [i] chicken pocket begin i [?]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite u o [?] second tonight somebody [?u] also zero photo [?] autumn difficult [ju:] popular congratulation January 9. r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ar or [α:] car farm dark sharpener [?:] forty morning short [w]音后 [?:] warm quarter towards [w]音后 [?:] word worker worse er ir ur [?:] certainly bird Thursday