阅读理解组合练(二)
(限时30分钟)
A
(2019·常州模拟)
WIPO is the global forum for intellectual property ?IP? services， policy， information and cooperation. We are a self-funding agency of the United Nations， with 192 member states., Our mission is to lead the development of a balanced and effective international intellectual property system that enables innovation and creativity for the benefit of all. Our mandate， governing bodies and procedures are set out in the WIPO Convention， which established WIPO in 1967.
We run workshops and seminars throughout the year. The presentations and meeting documents are made available for downloading wherever possible.
Current and upcoming
Case Study Workshop on Support for Intellectual Property Management in SMEs (IP Advantage)
National Workshop on Intellectual Property Policies for Universities and Research Institutions
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了世界知识产权组织以及由其举办的几场IP研讨会的相关信息。
1. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．it is an article from the handbook of WIPO
B．governing bodies of all member states pay for the running of WIPO C．it is intended for those interested in the knowledge of intellectual property D．the mission of WIPO is to develop an effective system of innovation and creativity
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文介绍了世界知识产权组织的作用和宗
旨以及由其举办的几场有关知识产权的研讨会的信息。由此可知，本文是为对知识产权感兴趣的人设计的。故选C。
2. If one is interested in IP management, he can attend a seminar in ________.
A．Amman or Tel Aviv C．Amman or Tokyo
B．Tel Aviv or Paris D．Tel Aviv or Tokyo
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一个研讨会Case Study Workshop on Support for Intellectual Property Management in SMEs (IP Advantage) 的信息“January 29 to January 31, 2019(Tokyo)”及第四个研讨会National seminar on collective management的信息“December 19, 2018(Tel Aviv)”“Collective Management of Copyright, Workshops and Seminars”可知，这两场研讨会是关于知识产权管理的。故选D。
B
(2019·苏、锡、常、镇模拟)In Florida, a group of parents known as “the break moms” has been fighting to pass a law guaranteeing the state's elementary-school students at least 20 minutes of daily free play.
In a survey of school-district administrators, roughly a third said their districts had reduced outdoor play in the early 2000s. Disadvantaged kids have been the most likely to be shortchanged (克扣). According to a 2003 study, just 56 percent of children living at or below the poverty line had break, compared with 83 percent of those above the poverty line; a similar disparity (差异) existed between black children and their white peers.
The benefits of break might seem obvious — time to run around helps kids stay fit. But a large body of research suggests that it also promotes cognition (认知). Many studies have found that regular exercise improves mental function and academic performance. And an analysis of studies that focused specifically on break found positive associations between physical activity and the ability to concentrate in class.
In one series of experiments, researchers controlled break start times. Some days children were let out at 10 a．m., and other days at 10：30. The kids' attentiveness decreased when they had to wait longer for break, and refreshed themselves after they played. And when fourth-graders in a break-free school were given a weekly break, another group of researchers found that they had an easier time staying on task and were much less restless. These experimental findings are supported by an analysis of 10,000 questionnaires filled out by third-grade teachers: Even a single 15-minute daily break was connected with more positive ratings of classroom behavior.
Perhaps most important break allows children to design their own games, to test their abilities, to role-play, and to settle their own conflicts — activities that are key to developing social skills and managing complicated situations. Initial results from an ongoing study in Texas suggest that
elementary-school children who are given four 15-minute breaks a day are significantly more sympathetic toward their peers than are kids who don't get break.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一群被称为“休息妈妈”的家长一直在努力通过一项法律，保证该州的小学生每天至少有20分钟的自由玩耍时间的事情。研究表明有足够休息时间的孩子学习成绩更好，情商也更高。
3．What causes “the break moms” to start a fight?
A．Pupils' lack of outdoor play. B．Poor school management. C．Absence of education laws. D．Inequality among students.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，她们想要通过的法律是为了保障孩子们每天课外活动的时间，故原因是孩子们现在缺少户外活动的时间。 4．In one series of experiments, researchers find that ________.
A．children behave better when let out earlier B．kids waiting longer are unable to stay focused again C．third-graders have difficulty in focusing on task D．fourth-graders are more concentrated without a break
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句“The kids' attentiveness decreased when they had to wait longer for break, and refreshed themselves after they played.”可知，当孩子们不得不等待更长的时间才能休息时，他们的注意力下降了，所以被更早放出去活动的学生表现更好。
5．What can we infer if we can ensure children a certain amount of daily break?
A．They escape from life conflicts. B．They may strengthen dependence. C．They are more considerate towards others. D．They are eager to manage complicated situations.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“children who are given four 15-minute breaks a day are significantly more sympathetic toward their peers than are kids who don't get break”可知，研究表明，每天休息4个15分钟的小学生比没有休息的孩子对同龄人更有同情心。所以他们对他人也更加体贴。
C
(2019·盐城模拟)One day in 1995, a large, heavy middle-aged man robbed two Pittsburgh banks in broad daylight. He didn't wear a mask and he smiled at surveillance cameras before walking out of each bank. Later that night, police arrested a surprised McArthur Wheeler. When they showed him the surveillance tapes, Wheeler stared in disbelief.“But I wore the juice，” he mumbled. Apparently, Wheeler thought that rubbing lemon juice on his skin would make him invisible to videotape cameras. After all, lemon juice is used as invisible ink so, as long as he didn't come near a heat source, he should have been completely invisible.
The case caught the eye of the psychologist David Dunning at Cornell University, who enlisted his graduate student, Justin Kruger, to see what was going on. They reasoned that, while almost everyone holds favourable views of their abilities in various social and intellectual fields, some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are. This “illusion of confidence” is now called the“Dunning-Kruger effect”，and describes the cognitive bias to inflate self-assessment.
To investigate this phenomenon in the lab, Dunning and Kruger designed some clever experiments. In one study, they asked undergraduate students a series of questions about grammar, logic and jokes, and then asked each student to estimate his or her score overall, as well as their relative rankings compared to the other students. Interestingly, students who scored the lowest in these cognitive tasks always overestimated how well they did — by a lot. Students who scored in the bottom estimated that they had performed better than two-thirds of the other students!
Sure, it's typical for people to overestimate their abilities. The problem is that when people are incompetent, not only do they reach wrong conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but also they are robbed of the ability to realize their mistakes. In a semester-long study of college students, good students could better predict their performance on future exams given feedback about their scores and rankings. However, the poorest performers showed no recognition, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were doing badly. Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct. As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man (1871): “Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge.”
Interestingly, really smart people also fail to accurately self-assess their abilities. As much as D- and F-grade students overestimate their abilities, A-grade students underestimate theirs. The difference is that competent people can and do adjust their self-assessment given appropriate feedback, while incompetent individuals cannot.
语篇解读：本文主要阐述了“邓宁－克鲁格效应”。研究表明有能力的人会根据各方面的反馈来调整自己的思路，而无知的人往往看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固执己见。 6．Which of the following statements about the DunningKruger effect is true?
A．The effect is true for everyone in daily life. B．It suggests that most people lack cognitive abilities.
备战高考英语2020：(江苏专用)阅读理解组合练(二)+Word版含解析
