第四章 虚拟语气
（一） 状语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气在if引导从句（条件） 的条件句中的用法三点： If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were） 表示于现在事实相If I had time, I would attend the 反的虚拟条件句 meeting. If+主语+had+动词的过去分词 表示与过去事实相If he had hurried, he could have 反的拟条件句 caught the train. 主句（目的） 主语+would(should could might)+动词原型 主语+would（should could might）+have+动词的过去分词 1、If+主语+动词过去式 主语+would（could should might）+动表示与将来事实相2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 词原型 反的虚拟条件句 3、If+主语+should +动词原形 If I were to go abroad, I would go to America. 错综时间条件句—有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形—主从句时间不一式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 致的情况下的虚拟 语气 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or， without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。 含蓄条件句 She would have died without my help.。 条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况 . 在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。 例：原句：1: If she were younger, she,would do it. 去if：Were she younger, she would do it. 2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him 3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 去if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son.
虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 3．表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . 注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。 例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. 虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思 “In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气 （should）+动词原型 例：1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow. 2.The game will be put off in case it snows. （二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气 一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。 对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。 I wish (that) I were a bird. 对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。 I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. 对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。 I wish (that) I would\\could go. 均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。 We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. .
在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 常用的此类动词有： 表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise. 表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“同意，坚持”的：insist 表示“决定，命令”的：decide, order 注意：suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested (暗示）that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted 【坚持认为】that he had never stolen the money. Would rather，had rather，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反 后的宾语从句中的虚拟I would rather you told me the truth. 语气 用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。 I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原型 2.would rather…..than……中用动词原型 I would rather do it by myself. I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 “It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that….”结构中的虚拟语气 表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should It’s quite necessary that we should have a walk now. 常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。 注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。 例：I don’t think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的). 表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. .
完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图 (1)
