1.Simile 明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如:
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如:
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如:
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人.
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿.
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉?写感觉”。?比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如:
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily－like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到?百合花）鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
2>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉） 品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如:
1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）
2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化） 7.Hyperbole 夸张
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如:
1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.Parallelism 排比, 平行
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如:
1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly? happy till all are happy.
2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to
answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad
race, to answer for them separately. 9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 例如:
1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽. 3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世） 10.Allegory 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。 这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为\换个方式的说法\它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事. 例如:
1>.Make the hay while the sun shines. 表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草 真正意味：趁热打铁?
2>.It's time to turn plough into sword. 表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑 11.Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法. 例如:
1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）
2>\12.Pun 双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现. 例如:
英语中种修辞手法和例句
