课后限时作业(七)
[语言知识练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Cycling is good exercise.It strengthens (strength) all the muscles of the body. 2．This money is intended (intend) for the development of the tourist industry. 3．The book provides a theoretical (theory) answer to this question. 4．It became increasingly expensive (expense) to hire casual workers. 5．What does the green building bring about to us? 6．In the end you gain very little advantage at great expense. 7．I was feeling sort of tired from the trip to New York.
8．He talked about the moon as if/as though he had been (be) there. [高考题型练]
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Supermarket shelves are filled with plant-based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nuts, and coconut milk.These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows' milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability.While the dairy-free(非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk-based products like cheese or yogurt.However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory!
Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows' milk-free alternatives, particularly for cheese.For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed(起源于) from his love of cheesy pizza.Pandya was spurred(鼓励) into taking action after being forced to eat some“really bad”dairy-free cream cheese on his sandwich.
The two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy-based products.In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA and then inserting it into yeast(酵母)．This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins.The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.
The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, the most important of all, is earth-friendly.According to the company's website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84% less
greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow-producing version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy(受潮的) cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.
The company plans to bring their creation to the market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows' milk alternatives available to consumers.
语篇导读
本文为说明文。麻省理工学院生物医学工程科学家创立的公司取得了技术突破， 成功研制了非动物乳制品的产品， 并计划生产第一代产品。
1．The underlined word “those” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________. A．alternatives C．products
B．people D．reasons
解析 B 代词指代题。根据第一段第二句可知， 这些产品受到那些因为健康原因而不能喝牛奶的消费者和那些关注动物福利和环境可持续性的消费者的欢迎；据此可知， 该句中的those指代“人们”， 故选B项。
2．Ryan Pandya was motivated to make the new product because of ________. A．his deep concern for the environment
B．his worry that farm animals were poorly treated C．the overconsumption of the dairy-based products D．the poor taste of dairy-free cheese presently available
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知， Pandya在吃了三明治上“非常糟糕”的非乳制奶酪后便开始采取行动。据此可知， Pandya受到了现有的口感差的非乳制奶酪的激发， 开始生产这种新产品， 故选D项。
3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．The dairy-free milk cannot be stored for a long time. B．The new products will taste better than dairy-based ones. C．Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage. D．The dairy-free milk will be more expensive than cows' milk.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知， 根据该公司网站， 与传统的牛奶生产相比， 他们的生产过程少消耗了65%的能源， 减少了84%的温室气体排放， 减少了91%的土地和98%的水；据此可以判断， 传统的牛奶生产对环境造成了一定的影响， 故选C项。
误解分析：根据第四段第一句The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is
also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, the most important of all, is earth-friendly可知， 该牛奶保质期长， 故A项与文义相反；B、D项在第四段中没有被提及。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Healthier Cheese B．New Milk Saves Planet C．Fresher Milk, Better Future D．Making Milk Without Cows
解析 D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知， 本文主要介绍了加利福尼亚的一家公司成功研制了非动物乳制品的产品， 填补了技术空白， 并将于今年晚些时候生产第一代产品；据此可知， D项最适合作文章的标题， 故选D项。
Ⅲ.七选五
Food.Water.Air.Shelter.All living things have these basic needs.
On Earth, we know where to find them.In space, these items usually have to be carried from Earth.So it would be impossible to carry so many supplies from Earth.__1__ Cleaning and recycling the air is a big concern for NASA scientists as we plan for longer trips in space.In space and on Earth, human beings breathe out carbon dioxide(CO2)．So air inside the spacecraft must be “cleaned” to remove extra carbon dioxide in order to make it safe for the astronauts.Some of the extra carbon dioxide is released into outer space.__2__ Back-up systems are in place to ensure that extra carbon dioxide isn't trapped in an astronaut's living space.
Currently, each astronaut aboard the International Space Station uses about 3 gallons of water daily.An astronaut on an extended stay on the ISS could use up to 10.6 tons of water per year.__3__ Currently, all food astronauts need during their mission is carried into space.To avoid carrying such large amounts of food, scientists are working on ways to grow or “create” that food.__4__ They may also help recycle carbon dioxide into oxygen.
A human being's basic needs will not change whether he lives on Earth or travels to Mars.__5__ NASA scientists are working to find new ways to supply all that we'll need for long-duration space flights.
A．Plants may be a food source.
B．How do astronauts find water in space? C．Water will have to be recycled in space. D．Recycling is one solution to this problem. E．They must find ways to settle the problem. F．What will change is how we meet these needs.
G．Oxygen may be removed and used from some of the carbon dioxide.
语篇导读
本文为说明文。食物、空气、水、居所是我们生存的必需品， 这些东西在地球上随处可见， 但是宇航员无法带那么多的物品到太空， 他们是如何解决这一问题的呢？
1．解析 D 总分关系。上文谈到“宇航员无法带那么多的物品到太空”可知， 所填的句子应该提供解决的办法， D项(回收利用就是解决这个问题的一种方法)符合语境， 故选D项。
2．解析 G 顺承关系。上文提到二氧化碳， 下文也提到二氧化碳， G项(一些二氧化碳中的氧气可以被提取出来使用)和上下文语境一致， 故选G项。
3．解析 C 递进关系。本段谈论的是宇航员使用的水， 水也需要回收利用， 故选C项。
4．解析 A 诠释关系。上文提到科学家研究解决太空的食物问题， 根据grow和下文中的They may also help recycle carbon dioxide into oxygen可知， A项符合语境， 故选A项。
5．解析 F 递进关系。上文提到人的基本需求是不会变的， 下文说美国宇航局的科学家们正在寻找新的方法， 由此可知， 所填的句子应为衔接上下文的句子， F项符合语境， 故选F项。
Ⅳ.语法填空
I have never liked my English name.My parents didn't know that Cindy was short for Cynthia, or that Cindy Brady was the Cindy of the moment.They 1.________(choose) it because it sounds like my Chinese name, Shin-tzer.
My name isn't full of flowers like most Chinese girls' names.My grandfather wanted me to have 2.________(strong) of character, not mere physical beauty.“Cindy”seems colorless by comparison.It's just a couple of syllables that sound good together.
I grew up 3.________(speak) English and eating with a fork.Yet the customs about names are extremely 4.________(tradition), down to our use of an ancient naming poem.
Most Chinese names are 5.________of a kind, a coupling of two words out of thousands of possibilities expressing the family's hopes for the child.It was March when my brother and his wife 6.________(expect) their second boy.The emails began to fly as we conferred about the baby's Chinese name.My brother's wife is Korean, so the name had to sound good 7.________ Korean, too.One thing was certain—his name would contain the word “shi”， or “world”， 8.________ can also mean “generation”．We are on the 9.________(six)word of a couplet that my family has used to name its 10.________(son) for generations.
语篇导读
本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己名字的由来及成长经历， 介绍了中国人起名的特点及寓意。
1．chose 考查时态。父母为作者起名字的事情发生在过去， 所以此处用一般过去时。
2．strength 考查词性转换。作者的祖父想让作者意志力坚强。have在此为实义动词， 意为“有”， 后跟名词作宾语。
3．speaking 考查非谓语动词。作者是讲英语和用叉子吃饭长大的。此处的主语I与动词speak之间为逻辑上的主谓关系， 故填speaking作伴随状语。空后的and eating也为提示。
4．traditional 考查词性转换。句意：然而关于名字的风俗是非常传统的。根据空前的are extremely可知， 此处应用形容词作表语。
5．ones 考查代词。根据下文中的…a coupling of two words out of thousands of possibilities expressing the family's hopes for the child的提示可知， 此处为泛指， 且与下文中的two words相呼应， 所以此处用代词one的复数形式表示泛指。
6．were expecting 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情， 应用过去时态， 且表示过去某一阶段持续的动作， 故用过去进行时；主语my brother and his wife与expect为主谓关系， 故此处用主动语态；且本句是由and连接的两个并列主语， 故谓语应为复数。
7．in 考查介词。表示用某种语言用介词in。
8．which 考查连词。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句， 且在从句中作主语， 修饰先行词the word “shi”， or “world”。
9．sixth 考查数词。此处表示第六个字， 故应用序数词， 表示“第六个”。 10．sons 考查名词的数。根据语境可知， 此处指给祖祖辈辈的子孙起名， 故应用复数形式。
北师大高中英语选修八同步作业：nit 23 Conflict课后限时作业 含答案
