The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (表伴随)
三. 独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,它们称作独立成分。 常见的有 generally speaking一般来说, frankly speaking坦白地说, judging from/by根据……来判断, considering../ taking… into consideration考虑到, to tell you the truth说实话, compared to/with与……相比。
Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong. Considering your health, you’d better have a rest. To tell you the truth, 1 am a little tired.
四. 独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构的特点:(1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;(2) 独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系;(3) 独立主格结构与句子之间一般有逗号。
独立主格结构的构成:(1) 名词/代词+分词;(2) 名词/代词+不定式;(3) with/ without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。
With the test finished (When the test was finished), we began our holiday. With weather permitting (=If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.
考点三非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语: 一. 非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式。
(1). 只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语:suggest、 imagine、mind、 admit、 practice、allow、advise、risk、keep、 keep on、avoid、 escape、 enjoy、 consider、 finish、 miss、 insist on、look forward to、feel like、get down to、object to等。
She admitted driving the car without insurance.
(2). 只能用不定式作宾语的动词和短语:wish、hope、decide、refuse、promise、 pretend、manage、plan、fail、choose、would like等。
If I fail to turn up by 7 o’clock, I will not be coming at all.
(3). 既可用动名词作宾语,又可用不定式的动词和短语:remember、forget、regret、stop、go on、need、start、begin、try等。
forget to do sth忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing sth忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生) stop to do sth停止、中断做某事(目的是去做另一件事) stop doing sth停止正在做或经常做的事 remember to do sth记住去做某事(未做) remember doing sth记得做过某事(已做) regret to do sth对要做的事感到遗憾(未做) regret doing sth对做过的事后悔(已做) try to do sth努力做某事 try doing sth尝试做某事 mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着
go on to do继而(去做另外一件事情) go on doing继续(原先没有做完的事情)
Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed. I remember reading about the earthquake in the newspaper. (4). it作形式宾语,代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词 I think it important to learn English well.
二. 非谓语动词作宾补
1. 感官动词(see、 watch、 observe、 notice、 look at、 hear、listen to、feel等)
后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/ doing/done,其中do是省略了to的不定式)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to要还原), doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成。
The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.
2. 动词let、make、have、get、leave、keep、find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. (make sb do 变被动语态时,需要加上to)
3. 固定短语,如 advise/ allow/encourage/ request/ warn sb to do sth等。
The patient was warned not to eat oily food. 4. with复合结构常用形式:
with sb/ sth doing(表主动且进行,或表特征); with sth done(表被动且完成,或表状态); with sth to do(表示将来)
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. (表被动完成)
With a lot of difficult problems to solve, the newly elected president is having a hard time.(表将来)
With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village. (表主动进行)
易错提示 ●注意作补足语的三种非谓语动词形式(to do、doing、done)之间的区别,确认动作是主动还是被动,是正在发生还是已经发生。 ●具体分析作宾语补足语的动词与逻辑主语 (即句子语) 之间的辑关系,再结合动作发生的时间(未发生、正在发生或已经发生) 来选择合适的非谓语动词形式。
三. 非谓语动词作主语、表语或其它
1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。
(1). 动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
Learning English is of vital importance for a middle school student.
(2). it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有“It is/ was no use/good + doing sth”、“It is / was not any use /good+doing sth”、“It is /was of little use/ good-+doing sth”、 “It is/was useless doing”、“it’s a waste of time doing sth”等。
2. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语时意为“(事、物)令人的”,而过去分词作表语时意为“(人)感到……的”。
(2017全国一卷阅读理解) My next work was to build a nest and anchor it in a tree. The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.
3. do/have+sth+but(to) do sth中的不定式用法,此结构要遵循“前有实义动词do but后则无to,反之则有to”的原则。
He did nothing but complain.
A卷真题卷
单句填空题
1. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _______________
(die) early by running.
2. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _______________
(improve) water quality.
3. “China’s approach to protecting its environment while _______________ (feed) its
citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
4. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me_______________ (stay) and watch. 5. They are required_______________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from
injury and for several other bodily functions.
6. This included digging up the road, _______________ (lay) the track and then building a
strong roof over the top.
7. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants_______________
(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
8. It was a great honor _______________ (invite) backstage at the not-for-profit Panda
Base, where ticket money helps pay for research.
9. I was the first Western TV reporter_______________ (permit) to film a special unit
caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
10. My ambassadorial duties will include _______________ (introduce) British visitors to
the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
11. _______________ (approach) the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out
of the broken window.
12. They then heard a woman’s voice_______________ (come) from the wrecked (毁坏的)
vehicle.
13. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less
likely_______________ (bring) your work home.
14. People probably cooked their food in large pots, _______________ (use) twigs(树枝) to
remove it.
15. There are many common methods_______________ (use) to cook fish.
16. A study of travelers_______________ (conduct) by the website Tripadvisor names
Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
17. Abercrombie&.Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick
getaways here for people_______________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 18. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) _______________ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the
American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. 19. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph_______________ (take). 20. I didn’t mean_______________ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I
couldn’t help_______________ (try) it.
21. I still remember_______________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years. 22. _______________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding
experience.
23. During the Mid-autumn Festival, family members often gather together
_______________ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. 24. Ordinary soap, _______________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.