Text4Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepwork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedworld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork—beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.OnceonthecalendarIprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeeting”,hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritizeyourday—inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy.Wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletobebrainasVitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounter-intuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperateWhenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.“Whatpeopledon’trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain”.saysPillay.36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto________.A.keeptoyourfocustimeB.listyourimmediatetasksC.makespecificdailyplansD.seizeeveryminutetowork37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat________.A.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencyB.dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudyingC.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsD.detailedplansmanynotbeasfruitfulasexpected38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis________.A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeopleB.amajorcontributortophysicalhealthC.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergyD.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrains’shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused_______.A.canresultinpsychologicalwell-beingB.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyC.isaimedatbetterbalanceinworkD.isdrivenbytaskurgency40.Thistextismainlyabout_______.A.waystorelievethetensionofbusylifeB.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimeC.thekeytoeliminatingdistractionsD.thecauseofthelackoffocustimePartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)A.JustsayitB.BepresentC.PayauniquecomplimentD.Name,places,thingsE.Findthe“metoo”sF.SkipthesmalltalkG.AskforanopinionFivewaystomakeconversationwithanyoneConversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.41.____________Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon’tknowandsomethingwithinyousays“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”—thisissomethingthemostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwantedtosaysomething—thefirstword—butitjustwon’tcomeout.Itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere,Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvicejustgetitout.Justthink:thatistheworstthatcouldhappen?Theywon’ttalkwithyou?Well,theyarenottalkingwithyounow!Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustflow.Sokeepitsimple:“Hi”“,Hey”or“Hello”—dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay“Hi”.42.____________It’saproblemallofusface:youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.Honestly,ifwegotstuckintherutof“hi”,“hello”,“howareyou?”and“what’sgoingon?”youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthat’scanmakeitsomemorable.Sodon’tbeafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you’llbesurprisedtoseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.43.____________Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you’llfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.44.____________Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheirphone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask”.Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.45.____________Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname.Isn’tthatawkward!Sorememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhapstheplacestheyhavebeentotheplacetheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,thethingthehate—whateveryoutalkabout.Whenyouremembersuchthingyoucanautomaticallybecomeinvestorintheirwellbeing.Sothefeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing.That’sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone.Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohaveaconversationwith!SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Afifthgardergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfromalistofoccupations.Heticks“astronaut”butquicklyadds“scientist”tothelistandselectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough.Hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.Andsohereads—everythingfromencyclopediastosciencefictionnovels.Hereadssopassionatelythathisparentshavetoinstitutea“noreadingpolicy”atthedinnertable.ThatboywasBillGates,andhehasn’tstoppedreadingyet—notevenafterbecomingoneofthemostsciencefictionandreferencebooks;recently,herevealedthathereadsatleastsononfictionbooksayear.Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlebecausetheyexplainhowtheworldworks.“Eachbookopensupnewavenuesofknowledge,”Gatessays.SectionⅣWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouhavetocancelyourtravelplanandwillnotbeabletovisitProfessorSmith.Writehimanemailto1）apologizeandexplainthesituation,and2）suggestafuturemeeting.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwriteyouraddress.（10points）PartB48.Directions：Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwritingyoushould1）interpretthechartand2）giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.（15points）
2018考研英语二真题（完整版）
