Though carefully selected from among many applicants, the women were volunteers(志愿者) and pay was barely above the minimum wage. They were not permitted to smoke or drink alcohol during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each other’s company at close quarters for the entire period. Among other things, they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks while tired from hard physical exercise. At the end of ten days, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed, during which time they suffered backaches and other discomforts and when they were finally allowed up, the more physically active women were especially subject to pains due to a slight calcium(钙) loss.
Results of the tests suggest that women will have significant virtues over men in space. They need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better. Men’s virtues in terms of strength and vigor meanwhile, are virtually wiped out by the zero-gravity condition in space. 11.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage A. The women were tested once a year from 1977 to 1981.
B. The women involved had had previous physical fitnees training C. The tests were not carried out aboard the space shuttle. D. The tests were carried out on women of all ages. 12.Which would be the most suitable title for the passage A. Older Women, too, Can Travel in Space B. Tests Show Women Suited for Space Travel C. Poor Wages for Women Space-Test Volunteers D. Space Testing Causes Backaches in Women 13.What can be said about the women who applied A. They chose to participate in the tests.
B. There were anxious to give up either smoking or drinking. C. They had previously earned the minimum wage. D. There were 27 in all.
14.According to the passage, physical and mental tasks were carried out by the women _____. A. prior to strenuous exercise
B. after they were subjected to unusual pressure C. before they were subjected to unusual pressure D. following strenuous exercise
15.Which of the following is suggested as being least useful in space A. High resistance to radiation. B. Low food intake. C. Unusual strength. D. Low Oxygen intake.
Passage 4
George Washington Carver showed that plant life was more than just food for animals and humans. Carver’s first step was to study plant parts to find out what they were made of. He then combined these simpler isolated substances with other substances to create new products.
The branch of chemistry that studies and finds ways to use raw materials from farm products to make industrial products is called chemurgy. Carver was one of the first and greatest chemurgists
of all time. Today, the science of chemurgy is better known as the science of synthetics(人造合成).Each day people depend on and use synthetic materials made from raw materials. All his life Carver battled against the disposal of waste materials, and warned of the growing need to develop substitutes(替代品)for the natural substances being used up by humans.
Carver never cared about getting credit(荣誉) for the new products he created. He never tried to patent(申请专利) his discoveries or get wealthy from them. He turned down many offers to leave Tuskegee Institute to become a rich scientist in private industry. Thomas Edison, inventor of the electric light, offered him a laboratory in Detroit to carry out food research. When the United States government made him a collaborator(合作者) in the Mycology and Plant Disease Survey of the Department of Agriculture, he accepted the position with the understanding that he wouldn’t have to leave Tuskegee. An authority on plant diseases—especially of the fungus variety—Carver sent hundreds of specimens to the United States Department of Agriculture. At the peak of his carreer, Carver’s fame and influence were known on every continent. 16.The passage is mainly concerned with _____. A. the use of plants as a source of nutrition B. the research conducted at Tuskegee Institute C. the progress of the science of synthetics
D. the work and career of George Washington Carver
17.In Line 2,the word “step” could best be replaced by _____. A. footprint B. action C. scale D. stair
18.According to the passage, chemurgy can be defined as the _____. A. development of industrial products from farm products B. research on chemistry of the soil
C. study of the relationship between sunlight and energy D. combination of chemistry and metallurgy
19.The author mentions Thomas Edison’s offer to Carver in order to _____. A. contrast Edison’s contribution with that of Carver B. portray the wealth of one of Carver’s competitors C. illustrate one of Carver’s many opportunities
D. describe Carver’s dependence on industrial support
20.Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage as work done by Carver A. Research on electricity B. Analysis of plant parts C. Invention of new products D. Research on plant diseases
Ⅶ.Translate the following into English with words or phrases given in brackets, and then write your sentences on the Answer Sheet:(25%)
1.如果你不按照教授的指导去做，你的实验注定要失败。(be bound to) 2.我们极力劝说那位老人离开那栋危房，老人就是不肯。(in vain) 3.世界飞速变化，我们不得不时刻去适应它。(adjust)
4.警察到处寻找前一天在动物园里走失的那个5岁男孩。(search for) 5.年老体弱的人容易患流感。(subject to)
浙江省月高等教育自学考试综合英语二试题历年试卷
