However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak startingposition, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.
When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helpedtransform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very largevariation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number ofuniversities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase theleaders.
This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and licence income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.
The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact oftheir research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UKwhich are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.
If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialisation? A) They fail to convert knowledge into money. B) They do not regard it as their responsibility. C) They still have a place among the world leaders. D) They have lost their leading position in many ways.
58. What does the author say about the national data on UK universities' performance in commercialisation?
A) It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy. B) It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way. C) It does not reflect the differences among universities. D) It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.
59. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that \
A) government aid to non-research-oriented universities B) compulsory cooperation between universities and industries C) fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions D) concentration of resources in a limited number of universities 60. What does the author suggest research-led universities do? A) Publicise their research to win international recognition. B) Fully utilise their research to benefit all sectors of society. C) Generously share their facilities with those short of funds. D) Spread their influence among top research institutions.
61. How can the university sector play a key role in the UK's economic growth? A) By establishing more regional technology transfer offices. B) By asking the government to invest in technology transfer research. C) By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education. D) By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices
marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Haegele? Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident __62__ to cut plastics out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about __63__ the chemicals coming out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body. She was also worried about the damage all the plastic __64__ was doing to the environment. So she __65__ on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could find that didn't __66__ plastic. \Haegele says. She did __68__ some canned food and a carton (纸盒) of milk – to discover later that both containers were __70__ with plastic resin (树脂). \was in everything.\
She's right. Back in the 1960s, plastic was well __71__ its way to becoming a staple of American life. The U.S. produced 28 million tons of plastic waste in 2005 – 27 million tons of which __72__ in landfills (垃圾填埋场). Our food and water come __73__ in plastic. It's used in our phones and our computers, the cars we drive and the planes we ride in. But the __74__ adaptable substance has its dark side. Environmentalists feel worried about the petroleum needed to make it. Parents worry about the possibility of __75__ chemicals making their way from 76plastic into children's bloodstreams. Which means Haegele isn't the only person trying to cut plastic out of her life – she isn't __77__ the only one blogging about this kind of __78__. Butthose who've tried know it's __79__ from easy to go plastic-free. \
practically impossible to avoid coming into __81__ with them,\ says Frederick vom Saal, a biologist at the University of Missouri.
62. A) resolved B) recovered C) removed D) retreated 63. A) when B) what C) who D) why 64. A) essence B) unit C) crust D) rubbish 65. A) hinged B) hopped C) stretched D) dipped 66. A) include B) induce C) compose D) consist 67. A) slightly B) nearly C) roughly D) barely 68. A) pursue B) prescribe C) preserve D) purchase 69. A) rather B) ever C) merely D) only
70. A) probed B) coupled C) lined D) combined 71. A) by B) over C) on D) under 72. A) ended up B) pulled up C) put up D) set up
73. A) trapped B) adapted C) wrapped D) adopted 74. A) interactively B) remotely C) infinitely D) resolutely 75. A) sensible B) toxic C) attractive D) absurd 76. A) household B) family C) internal D) civil 77. A) hardly B) largely C) even D) still 78. A) endeavor B) recreation C) accomplishment D) diligence 79. A) well B) little C) far D) much 80. A) while B) which C) but D) that
81. A) fashion B) approach C) contact D) agreement
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.Please
write your translation on Answ&r Sheet 2. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。
82. You shouldn't have run across the road without looking. You ______________________________ (也许会被车撞倒的). 33. By no means ______________________________ (他把自己当成专家) although he knows a lot aboutthe field.
84. He doesn't appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for
him,______________________________ (把他们所做的视作理所当然).
85. Janet told me that she would rather her mother ______________________________ (不干涉她的婚姻).
86. To keep up with the expanding frontiers of scholarship, Edward Wilson found himself______________________________ (经常上网查找信息).
2011年12月大学英语六级真题答案
快速阅读
1. Google claims its plan for the world’s biggest online library is _____ 【答案】B. to serve the interest of the general public
2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google’s book-scanning project will 【答案】B. broaden humanity’s intellectual horizons
3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlledby_______. 【答案】C. non-profit organizations
4.【答案】D. the copyright of the books it scanned
5. 【答案】B. the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use 6.【答案】 B. It was settle after more than two years of negotiation. 7. 【答案】D. The commercial provision of the settlement 8. 【答案】Providing information for free 9. 【答案】orphan works
10. 【答案】change the world’s book market Section A
11.【答案】A) Listen to the recorded notes while driving. 12.【答案】C) The man lacks confidence in playing the part. 13.【答案】A) Arranging a bed for a patient
14.【答案】A) He is too busy to accept more responsibility. 15. 【答案】C) He has left his position in the government.
16. 【答案】D) The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions. 17. 【答案】A) At a car renting company 18. : What did the man do over the weekend? 【答案】A) He listened to some serious music. 19: What kind of business does the man engaged in? 【答案】B) Selling products made for left-handers. 20: What does the man say about his stock of products? 【答案】D) Most of them are specially made for his shop. 21: What does the man say about other people in his line of business? 【答案】D) They sell by mail order only. 22: What do we learn about the man’s company? 【答案】C)It sponsors trade fairs.
23: Why was the campaign delayed according to the man?
【答案】C)The woman's company made last-minute changes. 24: What does the woman propose as a solution to the problem? 【答案】D) Cut the fee by half for this year.
25: What does the man suggest they do at the end of the conversation? 【答案】D)Reflect on their respective mistakes.
26. What does the passage say about most of the mice used for experiments? 【答案】D)They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans. 27 Why did the so-called bad mice have to be captured and destroyed? 【答案】C) They may affect the results of experiments. 28 When are mice killed without prior approval? 【答案】C) When they become escapees.
29 Why does the speaker say what the Herzau’s did at home is ironical?
【答案】A)While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse, they were killing pest mice. 30. What does the speaker say about the natives of New York? 【答案】D) They take it for granted.
31. What does the speaker say commuters give to New York? 【答案】A) Tidal restlessness.
32. What do we learn about the settlers of New York? 【答案】B) They are adventurers from all over the world.
33. As the speaker walked into the living room, what was being shown on TV? 【答案】D) A murder mystery
34. What does the speaker say about watching television? 【答案】C)It is unhealthy for the viewers. 35. What can we say about the speaker?
【答案】B) He can’t resist the temptation of T.V. either.
（36）detect （37）delicate （38） identifying （39）apartment （40） revolution （41） dramatically 42） primitive （43）vessels
（44）Although simple versions of miniature devices have had an impact, advanced versions are still several years away.
（45） that can sense when to release an airbag and how to keep engines and breaks operating efficiently.
（46）when scientists now think about future machines doing large and complex tasks, they’re thinking smaller than ever before. 仔细阅读 Section A
47. values, abilities and strengths
2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
