2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to
Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, \chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe.\write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
The Way to Success
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer
thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the
four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy? In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those
out-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to
\
The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. \This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society.\ As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: \expand the frontiers of human knowledge.\
Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. \what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google,\a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders.\
It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.
First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New
YorkReview of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power to control them.
The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.
At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.
Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the \Middlemarch, which anyone canread for free on Google Books Search).
But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. Inits defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are \without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy.
\once authors have expressly given their permission,\
agency in London. \– it has simply copied all these works without bothering toask.\
In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched aclass action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, endedwith an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-courtsettlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying tosummarise it is no easy task. \settlement's most vocal British critics.
Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and
publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates fromtheir works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future. This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.
Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. \
on the basis of the traffic this generates,\ points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.
Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on \noknown copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% oforphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.
It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of afairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.
No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained
byscanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. Google claims its plan for the world's biggest online library is _____. A) to serve the interest of the general public B) to encourage reading around the world C) to save out-of-print books in libraries D) to promote its core business of searching
2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google's book-scanning project will _____. A) broaden humanity's intellectual horizons B) help the broad masses of readers C) revolutionise the entire book industry D) make full use of the power of its search engine
3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlled by _____.
A) non-profit organisations C) multinational companies B) the world's leading libraries D) the world's tech giants 4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored _____. A) the copyright of authors of out-of-print books B) the copyright of the books it scanned C) the interest of traditional booksellers
D) the differences of in-print and out-of-print books
5. Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that _____. A) it displays only a small part of their content B) it is willing to compensate the copyright holders
C) making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyright D) the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use 6. What do we learn about the class action suit against Google? A) It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America. B) It was settled after more than two years of negotiation. C) It failed to protect the interests of American publishers. D) It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes. 7. What remained controversial after the class action suit ended? A) The compensation for copyright holders. B) The change in Google's business model. C) Google's further exploitation of its database. D) The commercial provisions of the settlement.
8. While _____, Google makes money by selling advertising. 9. Books whose copyright holders are not known are called _____.
10. Google's entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously _____ in the future.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the
end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.
Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11. A) Cancel the trip to prepare for the test. B) Review his notes once he arrives in Chicago. C) Listen to the recorded notes while driving. D) Prepare for the test after the wedding.
12. A) The woman will help the man remember the lines. B) The man lacks confidence in playing the part. C) The man hopes to change his role in the play. D) The woman will prompt the man during the show.
13. A) Preparations for an operation. C) Arranging a bed for a patient. B) A complicated surgical case. D) Rescuing the woman's uncle. 14. A) He is interested in improving his editing skills. B) He is eager to be nominated the new editor. C) He is sure to do a better job than Simon. D) He is too busy to accept more responsibility. 15. A) He has left his position in the government. B) He has already reached the retirement age. C) He made a stupid decision at the cabinet meeting. D) He has been successfully elected Prime Minister.
16. A) This year's shuttle mission is a big step in space exploration. B) The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions. C) The shuttle flight will be broadcast live worldwide. D) The man is excited at the news of the shuttle flight.
17. A) At an auto rescue center. C) At a suburban garage. B) At a car renting company. D) At a mountain camp. 18. A) He got his speakers fixed. C) He listened to some serious music B) He went shopping with the woman. D) He bought a stereo system.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) Providing aid to the disabled.
B) Printing labels for manufactured goods. C) Promoting products for manufacturers. D) Selling products made for left-handers. 20. A) Most of them are specially made for his shop. B) All of them are manufactured in his own plant. C) The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design. D) About half of them are unavailable on the market.
21. A) They specialise in one product only. C) They run chain stores in central London. B) They have outlets throughout Britain. D) They sell by mail order only.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A) It publishes magazines. C) It runs sales promotion campaigns. B) It sponsors trade fairs. D) It is engaged in product design. 23. A) The ad specifications had not been given in detail. B) The woman's company made last-minute changes.
2011年12月英语六级真题及答案 - 图文
