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形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下
(1) 符合规则的：
情 况 一 般 情 况 以e结尾的词 以“辅音+y”结尾的词 以一个辅音字母结尾的词 多音节和部分双音节单词
加 法 直接加 -er ; -est 加 –r ; -st 变y为i再加-er ; -est 例 词 all-taller-tallest nice-nicer-nicest dry-drier-driest heavy-heavier-heaviest 辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -est thin-thinner-thinnest 在词前加 more ; most more delicious most delicious
(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：
一分为二有两个， 一是远来一是老。
合二为一共三对， 坏病两多并两好。
还有一词双意含， 只译少来不译小。
原 级 far old bad / ill/badly many /much good / well little
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比较级 farther / further older/elder worse more better less 最高级 farthest / furthest oldest/eldest worst most best least -------
二．形容词和副词比较级的用法
级别 比较程度 肯 定 形 式 否 定 形 式 表达方式和意义 例 句 Art is as interesting as music. Play as well as you can. English is not so difficult as science. She does not study so well as I do. Jim is older than Luky. I like pork better than beef. He is growing taller and taller. He studies better and better. The more books she reads, the better she understand. Spring is the best season of the year. Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all. 备 注 原 级 同 等 程 度 As+原级+as (像……一样) not + so (as) +原级+as (不如……那样)
不同程度 （用于两者比较） 比较级 比较级+than (比……) 比较级前面可以加 much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit等 比较级+and+比较级 （越来越……） 程度加深 The + 比较级，the + 比较级 （越……, 越……） 最高程度 （用于三者或三者以上） The +最高级+of (in) (最……) 最高级 副词最高级前面的 the 往往省略 注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。
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例题解析
1. He is ________ friends than I.
A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more
解析： 后面有可数名词复数时， many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。 应选B. 2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia?
A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing
解析：两者比较用比较级,表示\发达\用 developed, 而developing 是 \发展中的\意思 3． There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990. A. little B. few C. fewer D. less
解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级， 所以应选C. 4. If you are not free today, come another day __________. A. too B. so C. instead D. yet
解析：instead 作副词用时意为\代替，顶替\， 表示前面的事情没做， 而是做了后面
的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.
5．He can't tell us ________, I think.
A. important anything B. anything important C. important something D. something important.
解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因
此应选B
6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
解析：\定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 \表示\第几大……\应选C. 7. The light in the office wasn't ________for him to read.
A. enough bright B. bright enough C. brightly D. enough brightly
解析：enough修饰名词时可前可后， 修饰形容词或副词时， 要后置。应选B. 8. There was an accident at the corner. ________, the girl wasn't _________hurt. A. luckily, badly B. luck, hardly C. Lucky, heavily D. Lucky, strongly
解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词， 因此选A. 9. You must keep your eyes _________ when you do eye exercises. A. close B. open C. closed D., opened 解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选C.
10. Five days has passed , but I haven't finished half of the work. ________, A. already B. still C. too D. yet
解析：already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句， 而yet 常用
与否定句。应选D.
三．形容词副词比较级最高级的其他用法
（1）和冠词连用
the ＋形容词原级＋v(复)，指一类人或物
the ＋ 形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那一个，eg. the younger of the two a/ an ＋形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one. ( a) ＋most＋形容词最高级 “非常…” eg. a most beautiful city
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( 2 ) 相关结构
1) 原级比较：肯定句 as….as…., 否定句not so / as….as…..
2) 比较句： 比较级 ＋than….或more (less) ….than…..
The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.(注意代词that的用法)
3) 比较级＋ and＋比较级 或 more and more＋比较级 “越来越… ”
richer and richer, more and more interesting
4) The more….., the more…..“越…， 越…”
The more you look at the picture, the better you will like it.
5) 比较级＋than any other ＋n. （单） （适用于范围一致时）
(all) other ＋n.（复）
any ＋n.(单) （适用于范围不一致时）
He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class. any student in my class.
6) 倍数表达法。
A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
7) more…than…结构，其意往往是…rather than…，可译为“是……而不是……”或颠倒词序译作“与其说是……，不如说是……”。
That little girl is more tired than hungry. 那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。 She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife. 她是贤妻，更是良母。
8) A is to B what C is to D A和B的关系就像C和D的关系
Air is to man what water is to fish. 空气 对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。
9) no more than= only “只不过”，言其少
not more than=at most “不多于”，“至少”，指事实。
no more …than… 和…一样不… 如单音节使用比较级形式 not more…than… 不比…更… no less than= as much as “多达” no fewer than= as many as 例：I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱只不过5元。
I have not more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱不多于5元。 He is no richer than I.他和我一样穷。
He is no less determined than you. 他的决心不亚于你。
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(no less determined than等于“其决心不亚于你”，言其大) He is not less determined than you. 他的决心不比你小。
(not less determined than等于“其决心不小于”，无言其大或小的含义)
10) 最高级＋of/ in/ among….
He is the tallest of the three/ among them/ in is class.
四．相关词语辨析
1.very 和much A）very修饰形容词、副词的原级；much修饰比较级；修饰动词用much或very much ,
eg. I very like English.(×),因改为：I like English very much.
B) 表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child .一般的情况下，以-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。 如：We were greatly /much shocked by the news about Tom.. C) 已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。
如：very interesting / worrying / exciting D）too前用much/ far ,不用very。
You are much / far / a lot too nice.
另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。
We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.
E)还有修饰词既不用very,也不用much.
eg. be well worth doing, be well above the tree
2. so和such A)so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。
so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …
so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that … so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that … such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that … such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that … such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …
注意： 但当little表示“小”时用such。
如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress t hemselves.
下列so的用法是错误的：
so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。
B) some/ any/ every/ no/ each/ all/ another/ several/ few/ many/ one/ two +such+n. eg. no such word
3. be too much + n. be much too+ adj.
be too much for sb. 对…太过分了
4. can’t be too +adj.= can’t be +adj.+ enough “无论…都不为过”
You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你越小心越好。
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初中英语语法形容词和副词的比较级和最高级简单记法
