题 目 轨道几何尺寸检测与维修
摘 要
轨道几何尺寸是指轨道的几何形状、相对位置和基本尺寸。轨道几何尺寸的正确与否，对机车车辆的安全运行、乘客的旅行舒适及设备的使用寿命和养护费用等起着决定性的作用。
轨道直接承受机车车辆的轮重并引导其运行。为确保列车的安全运行，轨道的两股钢轨之间，应保持一定的距离；两股钢轨的顶面应保持与半径相适应的圆顺度。为使钢轨顶面在锥形踏面的车轮荷载作用下受力，轨道的两股钢轨均应向内侧倾斜，使之有适当的轨底坡。所以，轮与轨是一组相互作用、相互配合的不同结构体系。轨道结构的许多标准各几何尺寸，是根据机车车辆的有关尺寸和性能确定的。因此，研究轨道结构时，必须对机车车辆的走形部分进行了解。 关键词：轨道；几何尺寸；检测
ABSTRACT
rack geometry refers to the geometry, the relative position and the basic dimensions of the track. The accuracy of track geometry plays a decisive role in the safe operation of the rolling stock, the comfort of passengers, the service life of the equipment and the maintenance cost.
The track directly bears the wheel weight of the rolling stock and guides its operation. In order to ensure the safe operation of the train, the rails between the two rails should be kept a certain distance; the top surface of the two rails should keep the circular compliance to the radius. In order to force the top of the rail under the wheel load of the conical tread, the two rails of the track should be tilted inwards so as to have proper rail bottom slope. Therefore, wheel and rail are a group of interaction and coordination of different structural systems. Many of the standard geometrical dimensions of the track structure are determined by the relevant dimensions and performance of the rolling stock. Therefore, study on the track structure, the shape of the locomotive and vehicle parts must understand.
Keyword: track；Geometric dimensions；inspection
目 录
引 言 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1 轨道几何尺寸 ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 列车在轨道上的运行特点 ............................................................................................... 2 1.2 作用在轨道上的力 ........................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 垂直力 ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 横向水平力 ............................................................................................................. 2 1.2.3 纵向水平力 ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2.4 脱轨系数 ................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 轨道几何尺寸 ................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 轨距 ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 水平 ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.3 高低 ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.4 轨向 ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.5 轨低坡 ..................................................................................................................... 5
2 轨道几何尺寸常用的检测方法 ................................................................................................. 7
2.1 轨道静态检查 ................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 静态检测的内容、周期及工具 ............................................................................. 7 2.1.2 静态检测的方法 ..................................................................................................... 7 2.2 动态检测 ........................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 轨道检查车检查 ..................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 机车车载式轨道动态监测装置 ............................................................................. 9 2.3 钢轨检查 ........................................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 基本要求 ................................................................................................................. 9 2.3.2 探伤周期 ................................................................................................................. 9 2.3.3 伤损处理 ............................................................................................................... 10
3 维修标准 ................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 轨道静态几何尺寸容许偏差管理值 ............................................................................. 11 3.2轨道动态不平顺管理值 .................................................................................................. 12
轨道几何尺寸检测与维修
