2024年最新版 英语国家概况 谢福之
一、选择题
（答案在所有选择题下面）
I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. 1. The two main islands of the British Isles are .
A. Great Britain and Ireland B. Great Britain and Scotland C. Great Britain and Wales D. Great Britain and England 2. is the capital city of Scotland. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff
3. According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over
million.
A. 160 B. 600 C. 60 D. 16
4. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland
5. Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England. A. northeastern B. southeastern C. northwestern D. southwestern 6. English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages. A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D. Roman
7. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of
words to English.
A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek
8. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence. A. Norman B. Dutch C. German D. Danish
9. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form
of .
A. grammar B. handwriting C. spelling D. pronunciation
10. At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English. A. half B. a quarter C. one third D. one fifth 11. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. A. Norman B. Danish C. Celtic D. Germanic 12. By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England. A. Celtic Christianity B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity C. Germanic Christianity D. Roman Christianity 13. Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .
A. St. Augustine B. Edward the Confessor C. William the Conqueror D. Alfred the Great 14. The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.
A. Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C. Norman Conquest D. Adoption of common law 15. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of . A. the House of Valois B. the House of York
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C. the House of Tudor D. the House of Lancaster
16. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort
to .
A. divorce his wife B. break with Rome
C. support the Protestants D. declare his supreme power over the church
17. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .
A. Protestants and Puritans B. Royalists and Parliamentarians C. nobles and peasants D. aristocrats and Christians 18. was passed after the Glorious Revolution.
A. Bill of Rights B. Act of Supremacy C. Provisions of Oxford D. Magna Carta
19. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the
century.
A. 17th B. 18th C. 19th D. 20th
20. Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the
beginning of the century.
A. 17th B. 18th C. 19th D. 20th
21. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three
of the following branches with the exception of the .
A. judiciary B. legislature C. monarchy D. executive 22. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on . A. passing the bills B. advising the government C. political parties D. public attitude
23. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.
A. rival B. complement C. criticize D. inspect 24. British Cabinet works on the principle of .
A. collective responsibility B. individual responsibility C. defending the collectivism D. defending the individuals 25. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .
A. make decisions B. give advice C. pass bills D. supervise the Cabinet
26. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years. A. three B. four C. five D. six 27. has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.
A. Wales B. England C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland 28. Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system. A. single-party B. two-party C. three-party D. multi-party
29. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism
and .
A. government intervention B. nationalization of enterprises C. social reform D. a belief in individualism
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30. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it . A. set up the National Health Service B. improved public transportation
C. abolished the old tax system D. enhanced the economic development 31. The British economy achieved global dominance by the .
A. 1860s B. 1870s C. 1880s D.1890s
32. In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.
A. 1945 B. 1946 C. 1947 D. 1948
33. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain. A. oil crisis B. high inflation rates C. large imports D. unemployment problem
34. Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social
welfare reform.
A. reducing child benefits B. shortening the unemployment benefits period
C. reducing the unemployment D. lowering old age pensions
35. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects
except .
A. limiting government spending B. keeping inflation under control C. reducing unemployment D. reducing inequality 36. Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture. A. 54% B. 64% C. 74% D.84%
37. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except . A. the North Sea B. the English Channel
C. The sea area around Ireland D. The sea area between Britain and Ireland
38. Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the
country.
A. 1/3 B. 1/4 C. 1/5 D. 2/3 39. The car industry in Britain in mostly .
A. foreign-owned B. state-owned C. joint-venture D. privately-owned 40. Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth
since the end of Word War II.
A. agriculture B. energy industry C. service industry D. manufacturing industry
41. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were
ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .
A. 1930s B. 1940s C. 1950s D. 1960s
42. About of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.
A. 5% B. 6% C. 7% D. 8%
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43. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive
their remaining funds from all the following sources except . A. tuition fees B. loans C. donations D. corporate contributions
44. Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s
universities.
A. result in national entrance test B. A-level result C. an interview D. school references 45. To be admitted to the Open University, one need .
A. some educational qualifications B. no educational qualifications C. General Certificate of Education-Advanced D. General National Vocational Qualifications
46. Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the
“Big Three” with the exception of .
A. The Times B. The Guardian C. The Observer D. The Daily Telegraph
47. Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide.
A. feature B. drama C. documentary D. soap opera
48. is Britain’s top pay television provider.
A. BSB B. SkyTV C. BBC D. BSkyB
49. Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays. A. families getting together B. friends exchanging good wishes C. friends enjoying each other’s company D. families traveling overseas 50. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except . A. Trooping the Color B. Queen’s Christmas message C. Boxing Day D. Christmas pantomime
51. The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is . A. poetry B. drama C. novel D. pamphlet
52. is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.” A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” B. Don Juan
C. “Preface to Lyrical Ballads” D. Prometheus Unbound 53. Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical. A. A Tale of Two Cities B. David Copperfield C. Oliver Twist D. Great Expectations
54. is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th
century.
A. Robert Louis Stevenson B. John Milton C. Joseph Conrad D. Thomas Hardy
55. Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of
Neo-Romanticism.
A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.
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B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality. C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”. D. Treasure Island was a representative work.
56. is NOT included in the modernist group.
A. Oscar Wild B. Virginia Woolf C. William Butler Yeats D. T. S. Eliot
57. Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.
A. Jude the Obscure B. Tess of the D’Urbervilles C. Adam Bede D. The Return of the Native
58. Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf. A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”. B. She experimented with stream of consciousness. C. She was an influential feminist. D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.
59. Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.
A. Samuel Beckett B. James Joyce C. William Golding D. V. S. Naipaul
60. Waiting for Godot is written by .
A. Samuel Beckett B. George Orwell C. William Golding D. D. H. Lawrence
61. The United States has states on the continent.
A. 50 B. 49 C. 48 D. 35 62. The state of is the largest in area of all the states.
A. Alaska B. Hawaii C. Texas D. Florida 63. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its . A. northern, east, west B. central, east, west C. southern, west, east D. western, east, west 64. The largest river in the U. S. is .
A. the Missouri River B. the Mississippi River C. the Ohio River D. the Colorado River
65. Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are
located .
A. in the South B. along the Pacific Coast C. in New England D. in the Midwest
66. is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake
Ontario.
A. Yellowstone National Park B. The Grand Canyon C. Niagara Falls D. The Great Salt Lake
67. The native Alaskan population includes the following except the . A. Indians B. Eskimos C. Aleuts D. Blacks 68. The largest minority in the United States is the .
A. Pacific Islanders B. Blacks C. Native Americans D. Asians
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69. The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United
States, particularly from .
A. Europe B. Asia C. Africa D. South America 70. The characteristic of dominant American culture is .
A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-class B. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-class C. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-class D. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class
71. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at
in .
A. Jamestown, Louisiana B. Boston, Massachusetts C. Jamestown, Virginia D. Plymouth, Georgia 72. Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoid persecution
in England.
A. Protestants B. Puritans C. Catholics D. Christians
73. The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .
A. French and American Indians B. French and Spaniards
C. French and British D. British and American Indians 74. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of . A. the settlers of Virginia B. the people of Pennsylvania C. the colonists in New England D. the people of the 13 colonies 75. The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in . A. Concord B. Lexington C. Philadelphia D. Boston
76. In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions
of a national government.
A. the First Continental Congress B. the Second Continental Congress
C. the Boston Tea Party D. the Congress of Confederation 77. Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves. A. Declaration of Independence B. Constitution C. Emancipation Proclamation D. Bill of Rights
78. The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.
A. neutrality B. full involvement C. partial involvement D. appeasement
79. President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.
A. Wilson B. Truman C. Roosevelt D. Kennedy 80. The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued
throughout the terms of Presidents .
A. Johnson, Nixon and Ford B. Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy C. Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon D. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson 81. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .精选文档
A. 1787 B. 1789 C. 1791 D. 1793 82. The Constitution of the United States . A. gives the most power to Congress
B. gives the most power to the President
C. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the others D. gives the most power to the Supreme Court 83. The Bill of Rights .
A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the President
B. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedoms C. is part of the Declaration of Independence D. has no relationship with the Constitution
84. The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. A. freedom of religion
B. the right to get into people’s house by police C. freedom of speech and of press
D. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes
85. All the following except cannot make legislative proposal. A. the Senator B. the Representative C. the Secretary of State D. the President 86. The following except are all powers of the President. A. vetoing any bills passed by Congress
B. appointing federal judges when vacancies occur C. making laws
D. issuing executive orders
87. According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be . A. at least 35 years old
B. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United States C. born in America D. all of the above
88. The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.
A. two, four B. two, three C. two, six D. six, two 89. The Supreme Court is composed of justices.
A. six B. seven C. eight D. nine 90. The President is directly voted into office by .
A. all citizens of America B. the citizens over 18 years old C. electors elected by the voters D. the senators and representatives 91. America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields
except .
A. machinery B. automobiles C. ore D. chemicals 92. The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually,
to .
A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economy
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B. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economy C. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economy D. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy
93. Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen. A. political authority B. economic rights
C. judicial authority D. diplomatic authority
94. The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge
of .
A. George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson C. Andrew Jackson D. Alexander Hamilton 95. The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”
except .
A. typewriter B. telephone C. electric light D. refrigerator
96. President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various
programs like the following except .
A. Medicare B. Food Stamps
C. Education Initiatives D. Unemployment Pension 97. About of American crops are for export.
A. half B. one third C. one fourth D. one fifth 98. The following statements are all true except .
A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises. B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.
C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms. D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.
99. is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry. A. Ford B. General Motors C. Chrysler D. American Motors
100. At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total. A. 10% B. 15% C. 20% D. 25% 101. Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher
education.
A. kindergarten B. public C. elementary D. private
102. Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school
students.
A. mathematics and languages B. politics and business education
C. science and social studies D. music and physical education 103. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of . A. Yale University B. Harvard University C. Princeton University D. New York University
104. Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher 精选文档
education.
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A. universities and colleges B. research institutions C. technical institutions D. community colleges
105. Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S. institutions. A. choosing the president
B. establishing policies for administrators and faculty C. approving budget and other financial project D. decide which student to enroll
106. To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the
following except .
A. attending lectures and completing assignments B. passing examinations C. working for communities
D. earning a certain number of credits
107. Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American
President yet.
A. Harvard University B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
C. Princeton University D. Yale University
108. is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.
A. The Washington Post B. The New York Times C. Los Angeles Times D. New York Daily News
109. Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.
A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS) B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)
110. The National Day of the United States falls on .
A. June 4th B. July 4th C. June 14th D. July 14th 111. Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.
A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen Poe B. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan Edwards C. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan Edwards D. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 112. is regarded as “the father of American literature”. A. James Fennimore Cooper B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Thomas Jefferson D. Washington Irving 113. Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.
A. The Scarlet Letter B. The House of the Seven Gables C. The Marble Faun D. Nature
114. Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece. A. The Last of the Mohicans B. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow精选文档
C. Moby Dick D. Daisy Miller
115. Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works. A. colloquial speech B. a sense of humor C. a realistic view D. an idealistic view
116. Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists. A. Stephen Crane B. Frank Norris C. Theodore Dreiser D. Herman Melville
117. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about . A. The Great Gatsby, the American Dream B. Tender is the Night, love
C. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneself
D. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature
118. Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway. A. The Sun Also Rises B. The Sound and the Fury C. A Farewell to Arms D. For Whom the Bell Tolls 119. Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.
A. Alice Walker B. Ernest Hemingway C. William Faulkner D. Eugene O’Neil 120. is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. A. Ralph Ellison B. Tony Morrison C. Richard Wright D. James Baldwin
选择题参考答案：
第一章 A B C D B C D A C B 第二章 D D B C C A B A C D 三 C D B A B C C B D A 四 C B A C D C D B A C 五 D B B A B C C D D A 六 B C B D C A C D B A 八 C A B B C C D B A D 九 C B C D B B C A C D 十 B C B B C C D D D C 十一 C C D D D D B B D A 十二 C B B B D C B B B B 十三 C D D C D D A B A B
二、判断题及答案 Chapter 1
1.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T)
2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(F)
3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh
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language.(F)
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4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.(F)
5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(T)
6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(T)
7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(F)
8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.(T) 9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)
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10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16 century.(F)
Chapter 2
1.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)
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2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8 and 5 centuries BC.(T)
3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T) 4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)
5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)
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6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8 century.(T)
7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)
9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)
10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)
Chapter 3
1.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government.(F)
2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F) 3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F) 4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F) 5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T) 6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)
7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T) 8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)
9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)
10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)
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Chapter 4
1.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)
2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T) 3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)
4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)
5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)
6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)
7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F) 8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T) 9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F) 10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)
Chapter 5 1.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F) 2.Education in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F) 3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)
4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T) 5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)
6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T) 7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)
8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)
9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F) 10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)
Chapter 6
1.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(F) 2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.(T) 3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(T)
4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.(T) 5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and
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Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.(F)
6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.(F)
7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as \
8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(F) 9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.(T)
10.V.S.Naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.(T)
Chapter 7
1.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.(F) 2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.(F)
3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.(F) 4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.(T)
5.To support the government's neutrality in World War II, there was no Irishman participating in the war.(F)
6.With the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without difficulties.(F) 7.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and returned the six northern countries.(F)
8.In Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power of making laws.(F)
9.English is the only official language in Ireland, because the majority of people speak it as their tongue.(F)
10.Catholicism in Ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith.(T)
Chapter 8
1.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territory.(F)
2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.(T)
3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T)
4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T)
5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located here.(F)
6.Half of the U.S. Population lives in the western metropolitan centers.(F)
7.The Blacks brought from Africa to America usually worked on plantations or farms in the North.(F)
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8.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)
9.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)
10.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.(T)
Chapter 9
1.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T) 2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)
3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)
4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)
5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)
6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)
7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)
8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the \
9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)
10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)
Chapter 10
1.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)
2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T) 3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F) 4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)
5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T) 6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)
7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)
8.American presidential campaign adheres to the \ 9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)
10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)
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Chapter 11
1.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)
2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)
3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T) 4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of \property\
5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)
6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)
7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)
8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)
9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)
10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)
Chapter 12
1.Education is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)
2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T) 3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)
4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F) 5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)
6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F)
7.Usually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T) 8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F) 9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)
10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)
Chapter 13
1.Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin are two sources of American literary spirit.(T)
2.Walt Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature, and he devised
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a poetic
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style,free verse.(T)
3.Emily Dickinson's poems are usually long, exploring the inner life of the individual.(F)
4.Stephen Crane is famous for his writings about Americans living in Europe.(F) 5.Ezra Pound led the School of Imagism, which advocates a clear, highly visual presentation.(T)
6.As a Jewish writer, Saul Bellow focused on Jewish characters and social problems.(T)
7.Jack Kerouace's On The Road is a representative work of \Beat Generation\ 8.Alice Walker was passionate about both the civil rights movement and the women's movement, and The Color Purple is her masterpiece.(T) 9.America's most renowned playwright is Tennessee Williams, and his plays are highly experimental in form and style.(F)
10.Arthur Miller was concerned with the conflicts of the individual within society, and Death of a Salesman is his masterpiece.(T)
Chapter 14
1.Canada is the second largest country in the world in terms of territory.(T) 2.Canada's expansive area can be divided into five geographic regions, each with a distinct landscape and climate.(T)
3.The lakes in Canada cover 7.6% of the Canadian landmass.(T)
4.Canada has a typical oceanic climate influenced by both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.(F)
5.The Seven Years' War led to the British control of most of the territories in Canada.(F)
6.Canada was split into Upper Canada and Lower Canada in 1791.(T)
7.During World War II, neutral policy protected Canada from the wartime destruction.(F)
8.Quebec separated from Canada and established a French--speaking nation in the 1960s.(F)
9.Chretien's Liberal government succeeded in lowering the persistently high unemployment rate.(T)
10.Canada was the first country in the world to allow same--sex marriage.(F)
三、简答题
Chapter 1 geography people and language 1. what is the full name of the U.K?
A: the full name is the united kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland. 2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?
A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink the scotch whisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes. 3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into
and what are they?
A:the development of English language be divided into three period :old
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English , middle English ,modern English .
4. Why did English become more important after the Black Death?
A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death. So English also grew in importance compared to French .
Chapter 2 History
5. What are the two components of the British parliament?
A: they are the House of Commons and the House of Lords. 6. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?
A:the Queen Victoria’s major achievements in almost every aspect : she promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign , British had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.
7. What were the two camps in Europe in world war I?
A: The central powers which included Germany ,Austria-Hungary , the ottoman empire and Bulgaria and allied powers which were mainly comprised of France , the Russian empire ,and British empire , Italy and the united states. 8. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the united states after world war II?
A: because they were allied during the war and share the same worries about the former soviet union.
Chapter 3 government and the commonwealth
9. What the three functions of the house of commons?
A: the three functions are : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government policy.
10. Why is the Conservative party sometimes called the “Right”?
A: because the conservative party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.
11. What kind of public image dose liberal democrats have in Britain?
A:the liberal democrats is perceived as “middle” between the conservation and the labor party . it is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social . it emphasizes the need for a change in Britain’s constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.
12. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election ? A; Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in parliament. Therefore , it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates. Chapter 4 economy
1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?
A: its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment . in 1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of the great depression years, with three million people out of work.
2. What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?
A:britain’s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agriculture activities with a high degree of mechanization.
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Although it employs a mere 1% of the country’s labor force , it meets around 60% of the national demands.
3. What happened to Britain’s beef industry in the mid-1990s?
A: Britain’s beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.
4. What are some of the popular tourist attractions in Britain?
The popular tourist attractions in England include : The Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge , Windsor Castle, University towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London ,St.Paul’s cathedral and so on . Chapter 5 education ,media and holidays
1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools
in Britain?
The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university , whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade. 2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?
Britain comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.
3. In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?
British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.
4. How do the students in the open university receive their education?
The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence ,video, and a network of study centers. 5. What role dose the media play in British leisure culture?
The media play an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule or a government. Chapter 6 literature 1. What are the three categories of Shakespeare’s play and their representatives?
Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: comedy, tragedy and historical play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night. His major historical plays include Richard Ⅲ，HenryⅣ and Cleopatra . His great tragedies are represented by Hamlet, Othello, King Lear , Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet. 2. What is critical Realism?
critical Realism is a literary school which flourished in the 40s and early
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50s of the 19 century .the critical realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint . the greatest English critical realist was Charles Dickens .
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3. What are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of 19 century?
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The new literary trends that prevailed at the end of 19 century are neo-romanticism and aestheticism. Those who belong to neo-romanticism laid emphasis on the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories, and those of aestheticism believed in “art for art’s sake”. 4. What is stream of consciousness?
stream of consciousness is the writing technique which puts the unorganized flow of thought on page . writers who adopt this technique give precedence to the depiction of the characters’ mental and emotional reactions to external events, rather than the events themselves. Chapter 7 society and culture USA
Chapter 8 geography and people
1. How is the American population distributed?
The distribution of the American population is rather uneven . the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population . the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.
2. How is the life of the native Americans today ?
About one third of all native Americans now live on reservations and the others live in cities. Poverty and unemployment are the major problems for them , especially on the reservations .
3. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?
The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would lower wage levels and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942. Chapter 9 history
1. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?
Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.
2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?
a)brought the Vietnam war to a close ;b)reestablishing U.S. relations with china ;c) negotiating the first strategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .
3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?
Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.
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Chapter 10 government
1. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?
One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.
2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?
A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years. 3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?
a)to interpret laws ;b)to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws ; d)may declare a law unconstitutional ; e) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.
4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of
political opinions?
The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern . they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion . they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.
5. What is the content of president Wilson’s fourteen points?
president Wilson’s fourteen points include: abandonment of secret international agreements; freedom of the sea; free trade between nations ; reduction of armaments ; adjustment of colonial claims in the interests of the inhabitants affected; self-rule for subjugated European nationalities ; and the establishment of an association of nations which guarantees the political independence and territorial integrity of all nations. Chapter 11 economy
1. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?
During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also
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built small iron forges . by the 18 century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.
2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?
After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.
3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?
Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.
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Chapter 12 education , media and holidays
1. How does an American university choose its applicants?
a)their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university ; d) their scores on the SAT.
2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?
Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .
3. What similarities do four famous university share?
They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.
4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?
Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.
Chapter 13 literature
1. What is the essence of American Puritanism?
American Puritanism stress predestination , original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement or the salvation of a selected few who would receive God’s grace.
2. What themes are reflected in Theodore Dreiser’s works?
Theodore Dreiser’s novels deal with everyday life, often its sordid side. Dreiser found that living in such a materialistic society, the human individual is obsessed with an endless and meaningless search for satisfaction of their desires . he embraced social Darwinism and advocated the idea of “the survival of the fittest”.
3. What is the lost Generation?
The lost Generation refer to the young American writers caught up in the world war I and cut off values yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization has gone mad . they produced works of disillusionment. Two of the most representative writers of the lost generation are Ernest Hemingway and F.Scott Fitzgerald. 4. What is the Beat Movement?
The Beat Movement began in the middle of the 1950s. the word “beat” suggests a non-conformist , rebellious attitude toward conventional values concerning sex. Religion and the America way of life , an attitude which results from the feeling of depression and exhaustion and the need to escape into an unconventional, communal mode of life. The representatives are Allen Ginsberg,
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William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac.
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英语国家概况-谢福之-课后习题答案-完整版
